Modifying a cosmetic product based on a microbe profile

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods are described for modifying a cosmetic product based on a microbe profile including an ingredient-microbe interaction dataset including information associated with interactions between reference cosmetic ingredients and types of reference microbes; and a computing device including circuitry configured to receive information associated with the microbe profile of an individual, receive information associated with an ingredient list of the cosmetic product, compare the microbe profile of the individual and the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset, identify an interaction between at least one cosmetic ingredient in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and at least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual, recommend a modification to the ingredient list in response to an identified interaction, and report to a user the recommended modification.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims the benefit of the earliest availableeffective filing date(s) from the following listed application(s) (the“Priority Applications”), if any, listed below (e.g., claims earliestavailable priority dates for other than provisional patent applicationsor claims benefits under 35 USC §119(e) for provisional patentapplications, for any and all parent, grandparent, great-grandparent,etc. applications of the Priority Application(s)).

PRIORITY APPLICATIONS:

-   -   The present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of        U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/975,055, entitled SYSTEMS,        METHODS, AND DEVICES FOR ASSESSING MICROBIOTA OF SKIN, naming        Mahalaxmi G. Bangera, Michael H. Baym, Roderick A. Hyde,        Jordin T. Kare, Eric C. Leuthardt, Gary L. McKnight, Tony S.        Pan, Katherine E. Sharadin, Elizabeth A. Sweeney, Clarence T.        Tegreene, and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 23, Aug.,        2013, which is currently co-pending or is an application of        which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the        benefit of the filing date.    -   The present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of        U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/091,762, entitled DEVICES        AND METHODS FOR PROFILING MICROBIOTA OF SKIN, naming Michael H.        Baym, Roderick A. Hyde, Jordin T. Kare, Eric C. Leuthardt,        Gary L. McKnight, Tony S. Pan, Elizabeth A. Sweeney, Clarence T.        Tegreene, Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 27, Nov.,        2013, which is currently co-pending or is an application of        which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the        benefit of the filing date.    -   The present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of        U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/091,832, entitled DEVICES        AND METHODS FOR SAMPLING AND PROFILING MICROBIOTA OF SKIN,        naming Michael H. Baym, Roderick A. Hyde, Jordin T. Kare,        Eric C. Leuthardt, Gary L. McKnight, Tony S. Pan, Elizabeth A.        Sweeney, Clarence T. Tegreene, Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors,        filed 27, Nov., 2013, which is currently co-pending or is an        application of which a currently co-pending application is        entitled to the benefit of the filing date.    -   The present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of        U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/192,613 entitled SYSTEMS,        METHODS, AND DEVICES FOR DELIVERING TREATMENT TO A SKIN SURFACE,        naming Roderick A. Hyde and Gary L. McKnight as inventors, filed        27, Feb., 2014, which is currently co-pending or is an        application of which a currently co-pending application is        entitled to the benefit of the filing date.    -   The present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of        U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/255,653 entitled SELECTING        AND DELIVERING TREATMENT AGENTS BASED ON A MICROBE PROFILE,        naming Michael H. Baym, Roderick A. Hyde, Jordin T. Kare,        Eric C. Leuthardt, Gary L. McKnight, Tony S. Pan, Elizabeth A.        Sweeney, Clarence T. Tegreene, Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors,        filed 17, Apr., 2014, which is currently co-pending or is an        application of which a currently co-pending application is        entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

If the listings of applications provided above are inconsistent with thelistings provided via an ADS, it is the intent of the Applicant to claimpriority to each application that appears in the DomesticBenefit/National Stage Information section of the ADS and to eachapplication that appears in the Priority Applications section of thisapplication.

All subject matter of the Priority Applications and of any and allapplications related to the Priority Applications by priority claims(directly or indirectly), including any priority claims made and subjectmatter incorporated by reference therein as of the filing date of theinstant application, is incorporated herein by reference to the extentsuch subject matter is not inconsistent herewith.

In an Application Data Sheet (ADS) has been filed on the filing date ofthis application, it is incorporated by reference herein. Anyapplications claimed on the ADS for priority under 35 U.S.C. §§119, 120,121, or 365(c), and any and all parent, grandparent, great-grandparent,etc. applications of such applications, are also incorporated byreference, including any priority claims made in those applications andany material incorporated by reference, to the extent such subjectmatter is not inconsistent herewith.

SUMMARY

In an aspect, a system for modifying a cosmetic product includes, but isnot limited to, an ingredient-microbe interaction dataset includinginformation associated with interactions between one or more referencecosmetic ingredients and one or more types of reference microbes; and acomputing device including a processor and circuitry, the circuitryconfigured to receive information associated with a microbe profile ofan individual, the microbe profile including a distribution of one ormore types of microbes on a skin surface of the individual; receiveinformation associated with an ingredient list of the cosmetic product,the ingredient list including one or more cosmetic ingredients; comparethe received information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual and the received information associated with the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product to the ingredient-microbe interactiondataset;

identify an interaction between at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and at leastone of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of theindividual, wherein the interaction has a potential effect on the atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients;

recommend a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic productin response to the identified interaction; and report to a user therecommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.In addition to the foregoing, other aspects of a system are described inthe claims, drawings, and text forming a part of the present disclosure.

In an aspect, a method of modifying a cosmetic product includes, but isnot limited to, receiving information associated with a microbe profileof an individual, the microbe profile including a distribution of one ormore types of microbes on a skin surface of the individual; receivinginformation associated with an ingredient list of the cosmetic product,the ingredient list of the cosmetic product including one or morecosmetic ingredients; comparing the received information associated withthe microbe profile of the individual and the received informationassociated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to aningredient-microbe interaction dataset, the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset including information associated with interactionsbetween one or more reference cosmetic ingredients and one or more typesof reference microbes; identifying an interaction between at least oneof the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of thecosmetic product and at least one of the one or more types of microbesin the microbe profile of the individual, wherein the interaction has apotential effect on the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients; recommending a modification to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product in response to the identified interaction; andreporting to a user the recommended modification to the ingredient listof the cosmetic product. In addition to the foregoing, other aspects ofa method are described in the claims, drawings, and text forming a partof the present disclosure.

In an aspect, a system for modifying a cosmetic product includes, but isnot limited to, circuitry for receiving information associated with amicrobe profile of an individual, the microbe profile including adistribution of one or more types of microbes on a skin surface of theindividual; circuitry for receiving information associated with aningredient list of the cosmetic product, the ingredient list of thecosmetic product including one or more cosmetic ingredients; circuitryfor comparing the received information associated with the microbeprofile of the individual and the received information associated withthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product to an ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset, the ingredient-microbe interaction datasetincluding information associated with interactions between one or morereference cosmetic ingredients and one or more types of referencemicrobes; circuitry for identifying an interaction between at least oneof the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of thecosmetic product and at least one of the one or more types of microbesin the microbe profile of the individual, wherein the interaction has apotential effect on the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients; circuitry for recommending a modification to the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product in response to the identified interaction;and circuitry for sending a signal to report to a user the recommendedmodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In additionto the foregoing, other aspects of a system are described in the claims,drawings, and text forming a part of the present disclosure.

In an aspect, a system for modifying a cosmetic product includes, but isnot limited to, a computing device; an ingredient-microbe interactiondataset including information associated with interactions between oneor more reference cosmetic ingredients and one or more types ofreference microbes; and non-transitory machine-readable media includingone or more instructions for modifying the cosmetic product, the one ormore instructions including one or more instructions for receivinginformation associated with a microbe profile of an individual, themicrobe profile including a distribution of one or more types ofmicrobes on a skin surface of the individual; one or more instructionsfor receiving information associated with an ingredient list of thecosmetic product, the ingredient list including one or more cosmeticingredients; one or more instructions for comparing the receivedinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual andthe received information associated with the ingredient list of thecosmetic product to the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset; one ormore instructions for identifying an interaction between at least one ofthe one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of thecosmetic product and at least one of the one or more types of microbesin the microbe profile of the individual, wherein the interaction has apotential effect on the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients; one or more instructions for recommending a modification tothe ingredient list of the cosmetic product in response to theidentified interaction; and one or more instructions for reporting to auser the recommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct. In addition to the foregoing, other aspects of a system aredescribed in the claims, drawings, and text forming a part of thepresent disclosure.

In an aspect, a system for modifying a cosmetic product includes, but isnot limited to, an ingredient-microbe interaction dataset includinginformation associated with interactions between one or more types ofreference microbes and one or more reference cosmetic ingredients; acomputing device including a processor and circuitry, the circuitryconfigured to receive an ingredient list of the cosmetic product, theingredient list including one or more cosmetic ingredients; receive amicrobe profile of an individual, the microbe profile including adistribution of one or more types of microbes on the skin surface of theindividual; compare the received information associated with theingredient list of the cosmetic product and the received informationassociated with the microbe profile of the individual to theingredient-microbe interaction dataset; identify an interaction betweenat least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product and at least one of the one or more typesof microbes in the microbe profile of the individual, wherein theinteraction has a potential effect on the at least one of the one ormore types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual;recommend a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic productin response to the identified interaction; and report to a user therecommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.In addition to the foregoing, other aspects of a system are described inthe claims, drawings, and text forming a part of the present disclosure.

In an aspect, a method for modifying a cosmetic product includes, but isnot limited to, receiving an ingredient list of the cosmetic product,the ingredient list including one or more cosmetic ingredients;receiving a microbe profile of an individual, the microbe profileincluding a distribution of one or more types of microbes on the skinsurface of the individual; comparing the received information associatedwith the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and the receivedinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual to aningredient-microbe interaction dataset, the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset including information associated with interactionsbetween one or more reference cosmetic ingredients and one or more typesof reference microbes; identifying an interaction between at least oneof the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of thecosmetic product and at least one of the one or more types of microbesin the microbe profile of the individual, wherein the interaction has apotential effect on the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual; recommending amodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product in responseto the identified interaction; and reporting to a user the recommendedmodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In additionto the foregoing, other aspects of a method are described in the claims,drawings, and text forming a part of the present disclosure.

In an aspect, a system includes, but is not limited to, circuitry forreceiving an ingredient list of the cosmetic product, the ingredientlist including one or more cosmetic ingredients; circuitry for receivinga microbe profile of an individual, the microbe profile including adistribution of one or more types of microbes on the skin surface of theindividual; circuitry for comparing the received information associatedwith the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and the receivedinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual to aningredient-microbe interaction dataset, the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset including information associated with interactionsbetween one or more reference cosmetic ingredients and one or more typesof reference microbes; circuitry for identifying an interaction betweenat least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product and at least one of the one or more typesof microbes in the microbe profile of the individual, wherein theinteraction has a potential effect on the at least one of the one ormore types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual;circuitry for recommending a modification to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product in response to the identified interaction; andcircuitry for reporting to a user the recommended modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product. In addition to the foregoing,other aspects of a system are described in the claims, drawings, andtext forming a part of the present disclosure.

The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be inany way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments,and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and featureswill become apparent by reference to the drawings and the followingdetailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 illustrates a system for modifying a cosmetic product based on amicrobe profile.

FIG. 2 illustrates further aspects of a system such as shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 illustrates aspects of a computing device.

FIG. 4 shows further aspects of a system such as depicted in FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 depicts further aspects of a system such as illustrated in FIG.1.

FIG. 6 illustrates further aspects of a system such as shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 shows further aspects of a system such as depicted in FIG. 1.

FIG. 8 depicts further aspects of a system such as illustrated in FIG.1.

FIG. 9 illustrates further aspects of a system such as shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method of modifying a cosmetic product basedon a microbe profile.

FIG. 11 illustrates further aspects of a method such as depicted in FIG.10.

FIG. 12 depicts further aspects of a method such as shown in FIG. 10.

FIG. 13 shows further aspects of a method such as illustrated in FIG.10.

FIG. 14 illustrates further aspects of a method such as depicted in FIG.10.

FIG. 15 depicts further aspects of a method such as shown in FIG. 10.

FIG. 16 illustrates a system for modifying a cosmetic product based on amicrobe profile.

FIG. 17 depicts further aspects of a system such as illustrated in FIG.16.

FIG. 18 illustrates further aspects of a system such as shown in FIG.16.

FIG. 19 shows further aspects of a system such as depicted in FIG. 16.

FIG. 20 depicts further aspects of a system such as illustrated in FIG.16.

FIG. 21 illustrates further aspects of a system such as shown in FIG.16.

FIG. 22 shows further aspects of a system such as depicted in FIG. 16.

FIG. 23 illustrates a system for modifying a cosmetic product based on amicrobe profile.

FIG. 24 illustrates a system for modifying a cosmetic product based on amicrobe profile.

FIG. 25 illustrates further aspects of a system such as shown in FIG.24.

FIG. 26 shows further aspects of a system such as depicted in FIG. 24.

FIG. 27 depicts further aspects of a system such as illustrated in FIG.24.

FIG. 28 illustrates further aspects of a system such as shown in FIG.24.

FIG. 29 shows further aspects of a system such as depicted in FIG. 24.

FIG. 30 depicts further aspects of a system such as illustrated in FIG.24.

FIG. 31 illustrates further aspects of a system such as shown in FIG.24.

FIG. 32 shows further aspects of a system such as depicted in FIG. 24.

FIG. 33 is a flowchart of a method of modifying a cosmetic product basedon a microbe profile.

FIG. 34 illustrates further aspects of a method such as shown in FIG.33.

FIG. 35 shows further aspects of a method such as depicted in FIG. 33.

FIG. 36 depicts further aspects of a method such as illustrated in FIG.33.

FIG. 37 illustrates further aspects of a method such as shown in FIG.33.

FIG. 38 shows further aspects of a method such as depicted in FIG. 33.

FIG. 39 illustrates a system for modifying a cosmetic product based on amicrobe profile.

FIG. 40 shows further aspects of a system such as depicted in FIG. 39.

FIG. 41 depicts further aspects of a system such as illustrated in FIG.39.

FIG. 42 illustrates further aspects of a system such as shown in FIG.39.

FIG. 43 shows further aspects of a system such as depicted in FIG. 39.

FIG. 44 depicts further aspects of a system such as illustrated in FIG.39.

FIG. 45 illustrates further aspects of a system such as shown in FIG.39.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, reference is made to theaccompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings,similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless contextdictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in thedetailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting.Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made,without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matterpresented here.

A microbiota, a collective microbial community inhabiting a specificenvironment, e.g., a human body, can include archaea, bacteria, viruses,and eukaryotes. The microbes comprising a microbiota can play importantroles in the health of a body including metabolism, homeostasis of theimmune system, and colonization resistance. The skin, the largest organof the mammalian body, is inhabited by a diverse array of microbes,including bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, archaea, or smallarthropods (e.g., mites). Variations in regional properties of the skin,e.g., variations in pH, moisture, pores, texture, and the like, from onebody location to another contribute to the spatial diversity ofskin-associated microbes. Similarly, the type of microbes and/or spatialdistribution of one or more microbes on the skin surface may change inresponse to any disturbance of the area, such as cleaning of the skinsurface; application of anti-microbial agents; application of irritatingagents, e.g., make-up, lotion, sun screen; or exposure to irritatingconditions, e.g., diet, disease, wind, or sun exposure. In someinstances, skin-resident microbes on the skin surface, e.g., commensalbacteria, provide a benefit to the individual and have been linked tothe body's ability to mount a robust immune response. For example,Staphylococcus epidermidis has been demonstrated to modulate the hostinnate immune response and inhibit other bacterial pathogens such asStaphylococcus aureus and Group A Streptococcus. See, e.g., Orrice &Segre (2011) Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 9:244-53, which is incorporated hereinby reference. In some instances, skin-resident microbes have been linkedto pathological conditions including acne, eczema, and atopicdermatitis. See, e.g., Cho & Blaser (2012) Nat. Rev. Genet. 13:260-270,which is incorporated herein by reference. In general, understanding theidentity and spatial distribution of skin-resident microbes on the skinunder normal and/or pathological conditions can contribute to decisionsregarding therapeutic, preventative, and/or cosmetic treatments.Described here are embodiments of systems and methods for modifying acosmetic product based on a microbe profile of an individual.

With reference to FIG. 1, shown is a system for modifying a cosmeticproduct. System 100 includes an ingredient-microbe interaction dataset110 including information associated with interactions between one ormore reference cosmetic ingredients and one or more types of referencemicrobes; and a computing device 120. Computing device 120 includes aprocessor and circuitry 130. Circuitry 130 includes circuitry 140configured to receive information associated with a microbe profile ofan individual, the microbe profile including a distribution of one ormore types of microbes on a skin surface of the individual; circuitry150 configured to receive information associated with an ingredient listof the cosmetic product, the ingredient list including one or morecosmetic ingredients; circuitry 160 configured to compare the receivedinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual andthe received information associated with the ingredient list of thecosmetic product to the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset;circuitry 170 configured to identify an interaction between at least oneof the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of thecosmetic product and at least one of the one or more types of microbesin the microbe profile of the individual, wherein the interaction has apotential effect on the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients; circuitry 180 configured to recommend a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product in response to the identifiedinteraction; and circuitry 190 configured to report to a user therecommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.

Ingredient-Microbe Interaction Dataset

System 100 includes ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 110 includinginformation associated with interactions between one or more referencecosmetic ingredients and one or more types of reference microbes. Forexample, the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset can include a listof reference microbes, e.g., types of microbes commonly found on a skinsurface or associated with pathogenesis, matched with interactions withreference cosmetic ingredients, e.g., ingredients commonly found incosmetic products. For example, the ingredient-microbe interactiondataset can include a list of reference microbes and the ability of saidreference microbes to assimilate, e.g., metabolize, all or part of acosmetic ingredient, e.g., hydrocarbons, silicones, alcohols, esters,and/or fatty acids. See, e.g., Yanagi & Onishi (1971) J. Soc. Cosmet.Chem. 22:851-856, which is incorporated herein by reference. Forexample, the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset can include a listof reference microbes that consume and/or metabolize certain cosmeticingredients in cosmetic products and by so doing, changing acharacteristic, e.g., color, texture, pH, or odor, of the cosmeticproduct.

FIG. 2 illustrates further aspects of an ingredient-microbe interactiondataset. In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 110includes one or more reference cosmetic ingredients 200. In an aspect,the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include one or morecosmetic ingredients in at least one cosmetic product. For example, theone or more reference cosmetic ingredients can include a dataset ofcosmetic ingredients commonly used in cosmetic products. For example,the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients can include a dataset ofcosmetic ingredient lists of a plurality of cosmetic products. Forexample, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients can include alist of cosmetic products and a corresponding list of the cosmeticingredients included in each of the listed cosmetic products. Forexample, the ingredient list can include a dataset that includes any ofa number of GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) ingredients as outlinedunder sections 201(s) and 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and CosmeticAct.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients 200 includeone or more of an abrasive, an absorbent, an alcohol, an analgesic, ananticaking agent, an antifoaming agent, an antioxidant, a binder, anastringent, a buffering agent, a bulking agent, a chelating agent, acolorant, a corrosion inhibitor, a deodorant, an emolient, an emulsionstabilizer, an exfoliant, a film former, a fragrance, a humectant, ahydrating agent, a lipid, a lytic agent, a metal, a mineral, amoisturizing agent, a nanoparticle, an oil, an opacifying agent, a pHadjuster, a paraben, a petroleum derivative, a polymer, a preservative,a propellant, a reducing agent, a skin-conditioning agent, a skinprotectant, a slip modifier, a solvent, a sunscreen agent, a surfacemodifier, a surfactant, a suspending agent, a viscosity controllingagent, a viscosity decreasing agent, a viscosity increasing agent, or awax, as shown in block 205.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include oneor more of colorants, fragrances, steric acid, lecithin, beeswax,carnauba wax, or other plant-based waxes, tocopherol, glycerin,hydrolyzed rice protein, kaolin, hydrolyzed corn starch, oleyl alcohol,dimethicone, talc, glyceryl stearate, mineral oil, propylene glycol,polypropylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ethoxydiglycol,dipropylene glycol, triethanolamine, diethanolamine, ethanolamine,sodium chloride, squalane, squalene, or preservative ingredients.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include oneor more silicate, non-limiting examples of which include aluminumsilicate, calcium silicate, magnesium aluminum silicate, magnesiumsilicate, magnesium trisilicate, sodium magnesium silicate, zirconiumsilicate, attapulgite, bentonite, Fuller's earth, hectorite, kaolin,lithium magnesium silicate, lithium magnesium sodium silicate,montmorillonite, pyrophyllite, or zeolite. Silicates may be used asabrasives, absorbents, anticaking agents, binders, bulking agents,emulsion stabilizers, opacifying agents, slip modifiers, suspendingagents, and viscosity altering agents.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include oneor more cosmetic ingredients derived from Ricinus communis (castor) seedoil, non-limiting examples of which include cetyl rinoleate, ethylricinoleate, glyceryl ricinoleate, glyceryl ricinoleate, glycolricinoleate, hydrogenated castor oil, isopropyl ricinoleate, methylricinoleate, octyldodecyl ricinoleate, potassium ricinoleate, ricinoleicacid, sodium ricinoleate, or zinc ricinoleate. Castor seed oilderivatives can be used as anticaking agents, deodorizing agents,emulsion stabilizers, opacifying agents, surfactants, and viscosityaltering agents.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients includecellulose and/or one or more modified forms of cellulose polymer,non-limiting examples of which include calcium carboxymethyl cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose acetate butyrate, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate,cellulose gum, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetatepropionate carboxylate, cellulose succinate, cetylhydroxyethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydrolyzed cellulose gum,hydroxybutyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethylethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose,methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate/succinate,methylcellulose, methyl ethylcellulose, methyl hydroxyethylcellulose,microcrystalline cellulose, potassium cellulose succinate, or sodiumcellulose sulfate. Cellulose and modified cellulose forms can be used asabrasives, absorbents, adhesives, anticaking agents, binders, bulkingagents, emulsion stabilizers, film formers, opacifying agents, slipmodifiers, and viscosity altering agents.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients includetocopherol or vitamin E, or derivatives thereof, non-limiting examplesof which include tocophersolan, tocopheryl acetate, tocopheryllinoleate, tocopheryl linoleate/oleate, tocopheryl nicotinate,tocopheryl succinate, dioleyl tocopheryl methylsilanol, or potassiumascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate. In an aspect, the one or more referencecosmetic ingredients include vitamin C derivatives, non-limitingexamples of which include ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl dipalmitate,ascorbyl stearate, erythorbic acid, or sodium erythorbate. Vitamin E andvitamin C derivatives can be used as antioxidants.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include oneor more fatty acids, non-limiting examples of which include stearicacid, lauric acid, myristic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, andderivatives thereof. In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmeticingredients include one or more acyl sarcosine fatty acids or acylsarcosinate salts thereof. In an aspect, the one or more referencecosmetic ingredients include one or more polyethylene glycol (PEG)sorbitan/sorbital fatty acid esters, e.g., PEG-20 sorbitan cocoate. Inan aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include one ormore sucrose fatty acid esters, e.g., sucrose distearate. In an aspect,the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include one or morepropylene glycol monoesters or diesters, fatty acid derivatives ofdiethanolamine, or glyceryl diesters. Fatty acids can be used asopacifying and/or surfactant agents. In an aspect, the one or morereference cosmetic ingredients can include one or more lipids.Non-limiting examples of lipids include ceramide derivatives,cholesterol, phytosphingosine. Lipids can be used to moisturize theskin.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients includesilicone based polymers, non-limiting examples of which includedimethicone, methicone, amino bispropyl dimethicone, aminopropyldimethicone, amodimethicone, amodimethicone hydroxystearate, behenoxydimethicone, C30-45 alkyl dimethicone, C24-28 alkyl dimethicone, C30-45alkyl methicone, cetearyl methicone, cetyl dimethicone, dimethoxysilylethylenediaminopropyl dimethicone, hexyl methicone,hydroxypropyldimethicone, stearamidopropyl dimethicone, stearoxydimethicone, stearyl methicone, stearyl dimethicone, or vinyldimethicone. Silicone based polymers can be used as antifoaming agents,corrosion inhibitors, film formers, skin-conditioning agents, skinprotectant, surface modifier, and/or viscosity altering agents.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include oneor more colorants. Some colorants can be described as organic orinorganic. Some colorants can derive from natural sources or syntheticsources. Non-limiting examples of organic colorant include plantextracts, henna, annatto, caramel, or beta-carotene. Non-limitingexamples of inorganic colorants include minerals. Non-limiting examplesof minerals used in cosmetics include bismuth citrate, disodiumEDTA-copper, potassium sodium copper chlorophyllin, dihydroxyacetone,bismuth oxychloride, guaiazulene, henna, iron oxides, ferric ammoniumferrocyanide, ferric ferrocyanide, chromium hydroxide green, guanine,lead acetate, pyrophyllite, mica, silver, titanium dioxide, aluminumpowder, bronze powder, copper powder, ultramarines, manganese violet,zinc oxide, or luminescent zinc sulfide.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include oneor more dyes, non-limiting examples of which include D&C Black No. 2,D&C Black No. 3, D&C Blue No. 1, D&C Blue No. 4, D&C Brown No. 1, FD&CGreen No. 3, D&C Green No. 5, D&C Green No. 6, D&C Green No. 7, D&COrange No. 4, D&C Orange No. 5, D&C Orange No. 10, D&C Orange No. 11,FD&C Red No. 4, D&C Red No. 6, D&C Red No. 7, D&C Red No. 17, D&C RedNo. 21, D&C Red No. 22, D&C Red No. 27, D&C Red No. 28, D&C Red No. 30,D&C Red No. 31, D&C Red No. 33, D&C Red No. 34, D&C Red No. 36, FD&C RedNo. 40, D&C Violet No. 2, Ext. D&C Violet No. 2, D&C Yellow No. 5, FD&CYellow No. 6, D&C Yellow No. 7, Ext. D&C Yellow No. 7, or D&C Yellow No.8, D&C Yellow No. 10, or D&C Yellow No. 11.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include oneor more chromogenic agents capable of changing color in response to thepresence of one or more types of microbes. For example, the one or morereference cosmetic ingredients can include a chromogenic agent that isan enzyme substrate which releases a chromogen upon metabolism by anenzyme system of the microbe. For example, the chromogenic agent caninclude an indoxyl substrate, non-limiting examples of which includeindoxyl-β-glucopyranoside, indoxyl-myo-inositol-1-phosphate,indoxyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide, indoxyl-phosphate,indoxyl-β-D-glucoside, indoxyl-β-glucuronide, indoxyl-β-galactoside,indoxyl-α-D-glucoside, indoxyl-β-D-glucuronide, indoxyl-α-galactoside,indoxyl-β-glucoside, indoxyl-β-D-ibofuranoside,7-amido-1-pentyl-phenoxazin-3-one, indoxyl-fatty acid ester,indoxyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, phenolphthalein phosphate,indoxyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glusaminide, or inoxyl-β-D-xyloside.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include oneor more preservatives, non-limiting examples of which include paraben,formaldehyde, calcium sorbate, sodium sorbate, TEA-sorbate,imidazolidinyl urea, potassium undecylenate and related ingredients,propionic acid and related salts, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, andother agents having antimicrobial or antioxidizing properties.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include oneor more antiseptic agents, non-limiting examples of which includealcohols (e.g., ethanol or isopronanol), quaternary ammonium compounds(e.g., benzalkonium chloride), boric acid, chlorhexidine gluconate,hydrogen peroxide, iodine, povidone-iodine, octenidine dihydrochloride,phenol, or polyhexanide.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include oneor more anesthetic agents. In an aspect, the one or more anestheticagents include one or more topical anesthetic agents. Non-limitingexamples of anesthetic agents include benzocaine, butamben, dibucaine,lidocaine, oxybuprocaine, pramoxine, proparacaine, proxymetacaine, ortetracaine.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include oneor more buffers or buffering agents. In an aspect, the one or morereference cosmetic ingredients include one or more buffers or bufferingagents for maintaining the pH of the cosmetic product and/or the skinsurface of the individual. In an aspect, the one or more referencecosmetic ingredients include one or more buffers for modulating the pHof the cosmetic product and/or the skin surface of the individual. In anaspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include weakacids and/or bases for use as buffers. In an aspect, the one or morereference cosmetic ingredients include at least one of calciumcarbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium acetate, potassium citrate,sodium acetate, sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, boric acid, ammoniumphosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, HEPES,diethylamine, sodium succinate, sodium lactate, potassium lactate,sodium silicate, ammonium lactate, or any other weak acid and/or weakbase appropriate for buffering and use on a skin surface.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include atleast one of a moisturizer, an astringent, an anti-aging treatmentagent, a retinoid, or a cosmetic agent. In an aspect, the one or morereference cosmetic ingredients include at least one of witch hazel,calamine, rubbing alcohol, or zinc oxide. In an aspect, the one or morereference cosmetic ingredients include one or more of keratoregulators,keratolytics, healing and/or restructuring agents of the cutaneousbarrier, PPAR, RXR or LXR agonists, sebum-regulating agents,anti-irritation and/or anti-inflammatory and/or soothing agents,antioxidant agents, anti-aging agents, depigmenting or hypopigmentingagents, pigmenting agents, lipolytic or lipogenesis inhibitor agents oranti-cellulitis or slimming agents, organic or mineral sunscreens andfilters, preservatives, or immunomodulators.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients 200 includeat least one of one or more probiotic agents, one or more prebioticagents, or one or more therapeutic agents 210. In an aspect, the one ormore reference cosmetic ingredients include one or more probioticagents. In an aspect, the one or more probiotic agents include one ormore skin commensal microorganisms which positively affect the skinmicrobiota. For example, the one or more probiotic agents can includemicroorganisms that positively affect the skin surface environment,e.g., by altering the pH or inhibiting growth of pathogenicmicroorganisms. In an aspect, the one or more probiotic agents caninclude one or more microorganisms naturally found on the skin surfaceof an individual. In an aspect, the one or more probiotic agents caninclude one or more microorganisms that are not naturally found on theskin surface of an individual, but positively affect the skin surfaceenvironment. In an aspect, the one or more probiotic agents can includeone or more engineered microorganisms. For example, the one or moreprobiotic agents can include a microorganism genetically engineered tohave a property that positively affects the skin surface environment,e.g., by synthesizing and excreting an inhibitor of pathogenicmicroorganisms. See, e.g., Martin et al. (2013) Microbial CellFactories, 12:71, which is incorporated herein by reference. In anaspect, the probiotic comprises live probiotic microorganisms. In anaspect, the probiotic agent may be included in a live form, dead form,semi-active or in deactivated form, or as fragments or fractionsoriginating from the microorganism either live or dead (e.g., as alyophilized powder). In an aspect, the probiotic agent includes culturesupernatants of the microorganisms.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include oneor more bacterial probiotic agents. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 8,557,560,U.S. Patent Applications 2011/0274676, 2014/0037688, Schrezenmeir & DeVrese (2001) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 73(suppl):361S-364S, and Gueniche et al.(2009) Exp. Dermatol. 19:e1-e8, which are incorporated herein byreference. In an aspect, the one or more bacterial probiotic agentsinclude at least one type of bacteria from Firmicutes, Actinobacteria,Bacteriodetes, Proteobacteria, or Cyanobacteria. In an aspect, the oneor more bacterial probiotic agents include at least one type of bacteriafrom Corynebacteria, Propionibacteria, Micrococci, or Staphylococci. Inan aspect, the one or more bacterial probiotic agents include non-lacticacid and/or lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) and can includeBacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus. In an aspect, the oneor more bacterial probiotic agents include certain strains ofAerococcus, E. coli, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Fusobacterium, Lactococcus,Leuconostoc, Melissacoccus, Micrococcus, Oenococcus, Sporolactobacillus,Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Saccharomyces, Pediococcus,Peptostreptococcus, Proprionebacterium, and Weissella. A wide variety ofstrains of bacteria are available from the ATCC (American Type CultureCollection), Manassas, Va. In an aspect, the one or more probioticagents include at least one of a non-pathogenic strain of a pathogenicbacterium.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include abacterial probiotic agent that is a bacterial strain that inhibits asecond bacterial strain, e.g., by out competing for resources or byinhibiting the growth of the second bacterial stain. In an aspect, thebacterial probiotic agent can include Staphylococcus epidermidis, a skincommensal microorganism. For example, Staphylococcus epidermidis may beused as a probiotic to modulate growth of pathogenic bacteria on theskin surface by producing microbial peptides that inhibit Staphylococcusaureus biofilm formation and/or by producing lanthionine-containingantibacterial peptides, e.g., bacteriocins, which are known to exhibitantibacterial properties toward certain species of harmful bacteria,e.g., Streptococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. For example,Staphylococcus epidermidis may be used as a probiotic to stimulate theimmune system by influencing the innate immune response of keratinocytesthrough Toll-like receptor (“TLR”) signaling. For example,Staphylococcus epidermidis may be used as a probiotic to inhibit theaction of more virulent microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus byoccupying receptors on a host cell that also bind the virulentmicroorganism. See, e.g., Orrice & Segre (2011) Nat. Rev. Microbiol.9:244-53, which is incorporated herein by reference. Non-limitingexamples of other bacteriocins are described in the BACTIBASE databasereferenced in Hammami et al (2007) BMC Microbiology 7:89, which isincorporated herein by reference.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients includePropionibacterium acnes, another skin commensal microorganism. As anexample, Propionibacterium acnes can be used as a probiotic to consumeskin oil and to produce byproducts such as short-chain fatty acids andpropionic acid known to help maintain a healthy skin barrier. See, e.g.,Shu et al. (2013) PLoS ONE 8(2):e55380, which is incorporated herein byreference.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include oneor more prebiotic agents. In an aspect, the one or more prebiotic agentspromote the survival and/or growth of microorganisms of interest on theskin surface of the individual. In an aspect, the one or more prebioticagents include at least one of oligosaccharides, e.g.,galacto-oligosaccharides and/or fructo-oligosaccharides, inulin, orlactulose. In an aspect, the one or more prebiotic agents include one ormore of iron, biotin, nicotinic acid, D-pantothenic acid, pyridoxal,pyridoxamine dihydrochloride, thiamin hydrochloride, valine, arginine,galactose, mannose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, or maltose. In anaspect, the one or more prebiotic agents include one or more of plantderived prebiotics, e.g., derived from acacia gum, konjac, chicory root,Jerusalem artichoke, asparagus, or dandelion greens. See, e.g., U.S.Patent Application 2013/0115317; and Bateni et al. (2013) Am. J.Dermatology Venereology 2:10-14, which are incorporated herein byreference.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include oneor more antimicrobial agents, e.g., antibacterial agents, antifungalagents, or antiviral agents. In an aspect, the one or more antimicrobialagents include one or more antibacterial agents configured to prevent orminimize a bacterial infection on a skin surface of an individual.Non-limiting examples of antibacterial agents commonly used for topicalapplications include benzoyl peroxide, sodium sulfacetamide,erythromycin, mupirocin, retapamulin, bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxinb/e, silver sulfadiazine, or tetracycline. In an aspect, the one or moreantimicrobial agents include one or more antiviral agents configured toprevent or treat a viral infection. For example, the one or morereference cosmetic ingredients can include an antiviral agent to preventor treat viral infection of the skin surface associated with herpessimplex types 1 or 2. Non-limiting examples of antiviral agents commonlyused for topical applications include acyclovir, docosanol, famciclovir,imiquimod, penciclovir, valacyclovir, and vidarabine. In an aspect, theone or more antimicrobial agents include one or more antifungal agentsconfigured to prevent or treat a fungal infection on the skin surface ofa user. Non-limiting examples of antifungal agents commonly used fortopical applications include clotrimazole, amphotericin B, butaconazole,butenafine, ciclopirox olamine, econazole, ketoconazole, miconazole,naftifine, natamycin, nystatin, oxiconazole, sulconazole, terbinafine,terconazole, tioconazole, and tolnaftate.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include oneor more enzymes or enzyme inhibitors. In an aspect, the one or morereference cosmetic ingredients include one or more substrates for amicrobial enzyme for use in competing with endogenous substrates. In anaspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include one ormore ester or esterase inhibitor. For example, Corynebacteria produceesterases that hydrolyze sebum fats to alcohols and free fatty acids,the latter of which can block sebaceous glands and contribute to thedevelopment of acne; the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients caninclude one or more esters that can compete for the esterase and/or canbe an ester or ester derivative that is metabolized to an antibacterialcompound. In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredientsinclude one or more lipase. For example, the one or more referencecosmetic ingredients can include a lipase able to degrade skin lipidsand promote colonization of beneficial bacteria. In an aspect, the oneor more reference cosmetic ingredients include one or more lipaseinhibitors. For example, a lipase inhibitor can be used to inhibitdeterioration of cosmetic solubilizers (polysorbate-20, polysorbate-80,polyethylene glycol, hydrogenated castor oil) by Pseudomonas. See, e.g.,Wachi, et al (1980) J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 31:67-84, which isincorporated herein by reference.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include oneor more therapeutic agents. In an aspect, the one or more referencecosmetic ingredients include one or more therapeutic agents to treatother conditions of a skin surface. Non-limiting examples of conditionsor diseases of the skin include inflammation, e.g., eczema, hives,atopic dermatitis, or psoriasis; a microbial infection, e.g., abacterial, fungal, or viral infection; acne, actinic keratosis, rosacea,seborrheic dermatitis, seborrheic keratosis, warts, or skin cancer,e.g., melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or basal cell carcinoma; tineapedis; aging skin; and dry or sensitive skin. In an aspect, the one ormore therapeutic agents include at least one of an anti-inflammatoryagent, a chemotherapeutic agent, an antiseptic agent, an anestheticagent, or an anti-acne agent. In an aspect, the one or more therapeuticagents include one or more of vitamins (e.g., Vitamin A or Vitamin D),vitamin derivatives, benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid or other acids,hormone or retinoid creams, steroids, cortisone, emollients,moisturizers, or chemotherapeutics, (e.g., 5-fluorourasil). In anaspect, the one or more therapeutic agents include one or more retinoidsfor treating various conditions of the skin including, but not limitedto, acne, psoriasis, photodamaged skin and cancers includingAIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.Non-limiting examples of retinoids for topical use include alitretinoin,bexarotene, adapalene, tazarotene, and isotretinoin.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include oneor more corticosteroid for treating various inflammatory dermatosesincluding, but not limited to, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, lupuserythematosus, and the like. Non-limiting examples of corticosteroidsfor topical use include hydrocortisone and derivatives, betamethasoneand derivatives, dexamethasone, prednisolone and derivatives,fluocinolone acetonide, fluorometholone, alclometasone dipropionate,triamcinolone acetonide, clocortolone pivalate, flumethasone pivalate,mometasone furoate, flurandrenolide, prednicarbate, fluticasonepropionate, desonide, halcinonide, desoximetasone, flurandrenolide,fluocinonide, amcinonide, fluocinolone acetonide, and diflorasonediacetate.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include oneor more chemotherapy agents for treating cancer or other conditions ofthe skin surface. Non-limiting examples of chemotherapy agents fortopical use include fluorouracil used for treating actinic keratoses andsome types of basal cell carcinomas of the skin.

In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients include atleast one of an immunomodulator, non-limiting examples of which includeimiquimod, tacrolimus and pimecrolimus. In an aspect, the one or morereference cosmetic ingredients include at least one agent for modulatingpigmentation, non-limiting examples of which include hydroquinone,monobenzene, mequinol, trioxsalen and methoxsalen.

In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 110 includes a listof one or more types of reference microbes 215. In an aspect, the one ormore types of reference microbes include one or more types ofmutualistic microbes, commensal microbes, or pathogenic microbes. In anaspect, the one or more types of reference microbes include one or moretypes of skin-associated microbes 220. For example, the one or moretypes of reference microbes can include one or more types of commensalmicrobes resident on the skin surface. For example, the one or moretypes of reference microbes can include one or more types of pathogenicmicrobes associated with the skin surface. Non-limiting examples ofskin-associated or skin-resident bacteria include proteobacteria, e.g.,Pseudomonas sp., Janthinobacterium sp, Alphaproteobacteria, othergammaproteobacteria, and betaproteobacteria;

Actinobacteria, e.g., Kocuria sp., Propionibacteria sp.; Firmicutes,e.g., Staphylococcus epidermidis; Bacteroidetes; and Spirochaetes. See,e.g., Grice et al. (2008) Genome Res. 18:1043-1050; Grice & Segre (2011)Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 9:244-253, which are incorporated herein byreference. Non-limiting examples of fungi, including skin-resident orassociated types of fungi, include dermatophtyes, e.g., trichophyton,microsporum, epidermophyton, tinea capitis. Other skin-associated fungiinclude but are not limited to yeast, Candida, e.g., Candida albicans;

and Malassezia spp (e.g., M. dermatis, M. furfur, M. globosa, and M.restricta). See, e.g., Gaitanis et al. (2012) Clin. Microbiol. Rev.25:106-141, which is incorporated herein by reference. Non-limitingexamples of skin-associated or skin-resident viruses include herpessimplex virus type I (HSV-1), herpes zoster, Molluscum contagiosum,human papillomavirus (HPV), Coxsackie virus A16, and herpes gladiatorum.Non-limiting examples of other parasites resident or associated with askin surface include skin-associated parasitic arthropods includingparasitic mites, e.g., Demodex spp including D. folliculorum and D.brevis, and Sarcoptes scabiei, a skin parasite associated with scabies.

Ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 110 includes informationassociated with interactions between one or more reference cosmeticingredients and one or more types of reference microbes, as shown inblock 225. In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 110includes information associated with the potential effect on the one ormore reference cosmetic ingredients in response to the one or more typesof reference microbes, as shown in block 230. For example, theingredient-microbe interaction dataset can include a list of referencecosmetic ingredients, e.g., a list of ingredients commonly used incosmetic ingredients, and a corresponding list of reference microbes,e.g., skin-associated microbes, that effect properties of the referencecosmetic ingredients.

In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 110 includesinformation associated with a potential color effect on the one or morereference cosmetic ingredients in response to the one or more types ofreference microbes, as shown in block 235. In an aspect, the potentialcolor effect is caused by alterations in the one or more referencecosmetic ingredients in response to pH, redox, or other reactions causedby the metabolic activities of a microbe. For example, bacteria in thePseudomonas genus metabolize a broad range of compounds and can producesoluble pigments ranging in color from blue-green to brown. See, e.g.,Smart & Spooner (1972) J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 23:721-737, which isincorporated herein by reference. For example, the color of aningredient may change in response to fermentation of certain sugars,e.g., dextrose or lactose, or other carbohydrates in the cosmeticproduct. In an aspect, the potential color effect occurs in response toa change in pH due to interaction of a reference cosmetic ingredientwith a type of reference microbe. For example, a weak acid pigment witha conjugate base form may undergo a striking color change when thepigment is neutralized. In an aspect, the potential color effect occursin response to reference cosmetic ingredient that is amicrobe-responsive chromogenic agent. In an aspect, an individual mayprefer a specific color effect, e.g., a color change, over the course ofwearing a particular cosmetic product. For example, the cosmetic productmay include a pH sensitive pigment that changes color over the course ofthe day as microbes on the skin surface interact with one or morecosmetic ingredients in the cosmetic product and modulate the skinsurface pH. For example, the cosmetic product may include a chromogenicagent that is responsive to enzymatic activity of microbe-specificenzymes. See, e.g., Manafi (2000) Int. J. Food Microbiol. 60:205-218,which is incorporated herein by reference.

In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 110 includesinformation associated with a potential texture effect on the one ormore reference cosmetic ingredients in response to the one or more typesof reference microbes, as shown in block 240. For example, theinteraction of one or more reference cosmetic ingredients with one ormore types of microbes can result in texture changes. For example,microbial metabolism may result in a homogeneous product becomingvisibly heterogeneous, e.g., separating into different phases.Emulsions, for instance, are susceptible to changes in physicochemicalconditions; hydrolysis of the oil phase or changes in pH of an aqueousphase will upset the equilibrium and cause visible changes in theemulsion. In liquid products, changes of viscosity can be seen to occurwhen microbes break down large molecules, metabolize sugars, or causeaggregation of particles in suspension. For example, the change intexture can include creams becoming lumpy or gritty. See, e.g., Smart &Spooner (1972) J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 23:721-737, which is incorporatedherein by reference.

In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 110 includesinformation associated with a potential pH effect on the one or morereference cosmetic ingredients in response to the one or more types ofreference microbes, as shown in block 245. In general, normal skin pHranges from about 4.4 to about 5.8. The pH of a cosmetic ingredient canalter the pH of the skin surface. In addition, changes in skin pH canalso increase and/or decrease microbes associated with the skin surface.In an acidic product, oxidative yeast can cause a rise in pH byutilizing organic acids which will in turn encourage bacterial growth.For example, increases in skin pH lead to increases incoagulate-negative Staphylococci and Propionibacteria. See, e.g.,Korting et al (1990) Acta Derm. Venereol. 70:429-431, which isincorporated herein by reference.

In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 110 includesinformation associated with a potential odor effect on the one or morereference cosmetic ingredients in response to the one or more types ofreference microbes, as shown in block 250. For example, the interactioncan include an interaction between one or more reference cosmeticingredients and one or more types of odor-producing bacteria. Forexample, enzymes secreted by bacteria, e.g., exoesterases,beta-glucuronidase and/or aryl sulfatase, can react with a referencecosmetic ingredient, e.g., water-soluble steroid conjugates, to releasevolatile, odorous, free steroids. See, e.g., Froebe et al (1990) J. Soc.Cosmet. Chem. 41:173-185. For example, the odor can includesulfur-containing metabolites such as hydrogen sulfide, sickly smells offatty acids, fishy odors of amines, or the astringency of ammonia. Forexample, the acrid odor of steroids is apparent in the presence ofCoryneform bacteria, but the odor of isovaleric acid prevails in thepresence of Staphylococcus epidermidis. See, e.g., Smart & Spooner(1972) J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 23:721-737, which is incorporated herein byreference.

In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 110 is incorporatedinto a memory component of computing device 120, as shown in block 255.In an aspect, the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset is loaded intoa memory component of computing device 120 prior to sale or distributionto a user, e.g., the individual or other individual. In an aspect, theingredient-microbe interaction dataset is in the form of a look-uptable. In an aspect, the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset isloaded into a memory component of computing device 120 from a portabledata storage component, e.g., a memory stick or CD ROM, or from a remotecomputing device.

In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 110 is stored on aportable data storage device, as shown in block 260. Non-limitingexamples of portable data storage devices include flash memory cards,Memory Sticks, mass storage devices, CompactFlash, non-volatile memorycards, Secure Digital™ (SD) cards, miniSD cards, microSD cards, USBflash drive, or XQD cards. In an aspect, computing device 120 includes aport or docking site sized to accept a portable data storage device thatincludes ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 110, and circuitryconfigured to access ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 110 from theinserted or docked portable data storage device. For example, thecomputing device of the system can include a port or docking site sizedto accept a portable data storage device, e.g., a CD-ROM, or memory cardor stick, and circuitry configured to access the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset from the inserted or docked portable data storagedevice.

In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 110 is stored on aremote computing device, as shown in block 265. In an aspect, the remotecomputing device is associated with a cosmetic supplier, distributer,and/or manufacturer. In an aspect, the ingredient-microbe interactiondataset is accessible to the computing device from a remote computingdevice through the Internet or other web-based communication link. In anaspect, the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset is accessible to thecomputing device from a remote computing device through a server, e.g.,a cloud-based server. In an aspect, the remote computing device includesa smart phone, cellular phone, a tablet, or other personal computingdevice.

In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 110 is updatable,as shown in block 270. For example, as new data becomes availableregarding the interaction of specific microbes or classes of microbeswith specific reference cosmetic ingredients, the data can be added tothe ingredient-microbe interaction dataset. In an aspect, updates to theingredient-microbe interaction dataset are accessible to the computingdevice of the system through a web-based communication link, e.g.,through the Internet, or through delivery of a portable data storagedevice, e.g., a memory card, including an updated ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset.

Computing Device and Circuitry

System 100 includes computing device 120. Computing device 120 can takevarious forms or be part of an object, such as a personal computer, alimited resource computing device, a wireless communication device, amobile wireless communication device, a handheld electronic writingdevice, a tablet, a cell phone, a PDA, or an electronic tablet device.In an aspect, computing device 120 includes a computing componentincluding a processor and circuitry associated with a device or system.In an aspect, computing device 120 is associated with a microbeprofiling device, e.g., a hand-held microbe profiling device. In anaspect, computing device 120 is associated with a microbe profilingsystem, e.g., an at-home microbe profiling system. In an aspect,computing device 120 is associated with a kiosk in a medical facility,e.g., in a dermatology clinic, or in a commercial space, e.g., in ashopping center. In an aspect, computing device 120 is associated with amanufacturing device, e.g., a device or apparatus configured toformulate a cosmetic product and/or to fill a container, e.g., a glassor plastic bottle or vial, with a cosmetic product.

Computing device 120 includes circuitry 130 configured to receiveinformation associated with a microbe profile of an individual, themicrobe profile including a distribution of one or more types ofmicrobes on a skin surface of the individual; circuitry configured toreceive information associated with an ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct, the ingredient list including one or more cosmetic ingredients;circuitry configured to compare the received information associated withthe microbe profile of the individual and the received informationassociated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to theingredient-microbe interaction dataset;

circuitry configured to identify an interaction between at least one ofthe one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of thecosmetic product and at least one of the one or more types of microbesin the microbe profile of the individual, wherein the interaction has apotential effect on the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients; circuitry configured to recommend a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product in response to the identifiedinteraction; and circuitry configured to report to a user therecommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.

Computing device 120 further includes circuitry configured to executeone or more instructions. In an aspect, computing device 120 includescircuitry configured to execute one or more instructions for receivinginformation associated with a microbe profile of an individual, themicrobe profile including a distribution of one or more types ofmicrobes on a skin surface of the individual; one or more instructionsfor receiving an ingredient list of the cosmetic product, the ingredientlist including one or more cosmetic ingredients; one or moreinstructions for comparing the received information associated with themicrobe profile of the individual and the received informationassociated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to theingredient-microbe interaction dataset; one or more instructions foridentifying an interaction between at least one of the one or morecosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product andat least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profileof the individual, wherein the interaction has a potential effect on theat least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients; one or moreinstructions for recommending a modification to the ingredient list ofthe cosmetic product in response to the identified interaction; and oneor more instructions for reporting to a user the recommendedmodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.

FIG. 3 illustrates further aspects of computing device 120. Computingdevice 120 includes a processing unit 321, a system memory 322, and asystem bus 323 that couples various system components including thesystem memory 322 to the processing unit 321. Processing unit 321 caninclude a microprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), a digitalsignal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC), a field programmable gate entry (FPGA), or the like, or anycombinations thereof, and can include discrete digital or analog circuitelements or electronics, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, thecomputing device includes one or more ASICs having a plurality ofpredefined logic components. In one embodiment, the computing deviceincludes one or more FPGA having a plurality of programmable logiccommands.

The system bus 323 may be any of several types of bus structuresincluding a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and alocal bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way ofexample, and not limitation, such architectures include IndustryStandard Architecture (ISA) bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus,Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA)local bus, and Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, also knownas Mezzanine bus.

The computing device can include one or more computer-readable mediadrives, interface sockets, Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports, memory cardslots, or the like, and one or more input/output components such as, forexample, a graphical user interface, a display, a keyboard, a keypad, atrackball, a joystick, a touch-screen, a mouse, a switch, a dial, or thelike, and any other peripheral device. In one embodiment, one or moreuser input/output components are operably coupled to the computingdevice to control (electrical, electromechanical, software-implemented,firmware-implemented, or other control, or combinations thereof)receiving the microbe profile of the individual, receiving theingredient list of the cosmetic product, comparing the receivedinformation with an ingredient-microbe interaction dataset, identifyingan interaction, recommending a modification to the ingredient list ofthe cosmetic product in response to the identified interaction, andreporting the recommended modification to a user.

The system memory includes read-only memory (ROM) 324 and random accessmemory (RAM) 325. A basic input/output system (BIOS) 326, containing thebasic routines that help to transfer information between sub-componentswithin computing device 120, such as during start-up, is stored in theROM 324. A number of program modules may be stored in the ROM 324 or RAM325, including an operating system 327, one or more application programs328, other program modules 329 and program data 330.

In an aspect, computing device 120 includes a user interface. The userinterface may include a character, a key-based, or another user datainput including a keyboard or touch sensitive display. The userinterface may include a stylus. Moreover, the user interface is notlimited to an actual touch-sensitive panel arranged for directlyreceiving input, but may alternatively or in addition respond to anotherinput device such as the microphone 334. For example, spoken words maybe received at the microphone 334 and recognized.

In an aspect, the user interface includes input devices 331 forinputting commands and/or information into computing device 120. In anaspect, input devices include, but are not limited to a microphone,keyboard, or pointing device, commonly referred to as a mouse,trackball, or touch pad. Other input devices may include at least one ofa touch sensitive display, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, andscanner. These and other input devices are often connected to theprocessing unit through a user input interface that is coupled to thesystem bus, but may be connected by other interface and bus structures,such as a parallel port, game port, or a universal serial bus (USB). Inan aspect, the individual or other user may enter commands andinformation into computing device 120 through a number of switches andbuttons, illustrated as hardware buttons 344, connected to the systemvia a suitable non-removable non-volatile memory interface 345. Inputdevices 331 may further include a touch-sensitive display with suitableinput detection circuitry, illustrated as a display 332 and screen inputdetector 333. The output circuitry of the touch-sensitive display 332 isconnected to the system bus 323 via a video driver 337. Other inputdevices may include a microphone 334 connected through a suitable audiointerface 335, and a physical hardware keyboard 310.

In an aspect, the user interface includes output devices 339 foroutputting commands and/or information from computing device 120. Outputdevices 339 may include at least one display 332, a speaker 338, or aprojector 336. In addition to the display 332, the computing device 120may include other peripheral output devices 339, such as at least onespeaker 338.

In an aspect, other external input devices 331 or output devices 339,such as a joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner or the like, maybe connected to the processing unit 321 through a USB port 340 and USBport interface 341, to the system bus 323. Alternatively, the otherexternal input devices 331 and output devices 339 may be connected byother interfaces, such as a parallel port, game port or other port.

The computing device 120 may further include or be capable of connectingto a flash card memory through an appropriate connection port. Thecomputing device 120 may further include or be capable of connectingwith a network through a network port 342 and network interface 343, andthrough wireless port 346 and corresponding wireless interface 347 maybe provided to facilitate communication with other peripheral devices,including a microbe profiling device, a microbe profiling system, ananalyzer, or a kiosk. It will be appreciated that the various componentsand connections shown are examples and other components and means ofestablishing communication links may be used.

In certain instances, the computing device typically includes a varietyof computer-readable media products. Computer-readable media may includeany media that can be accessed by the computing device and may includeboth volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media.By way of example, and not of limitation, computer-readable media mayinclude computer storage media. By way of further example, and not oflimitation, computer-readable media may include a communication media.By way of further example, and not of limitation, computer readablemedia may include non-transitory signal bearing media. Non-limitingexamples of non-transitory signal-bearing media include a recordabletype medium such as magnetic tape, a hard disk drive, digital tape,computer memory, or the like, as well as transmission type medium suchas a digital and/or analog communication medium (e.g., fiber opticcable, waveguide, wired communications link, wireless communicationlink). Further non-limiting examples of signal-bearing media include,but are not limited to, flash memory, magnetic tape, MINIDISC,non-volatile memory card, EEPROM, optical disk, optical storage, RAM,ROM, system memory, web server, cloud, or the like. By way of example,and not of limitation, computer-readable media may include computerstorage media, e.g., magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, optical diskstorage, memory cards, flash memory cards, electrically erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EEPROM), solid state RAM, and solid stateROM or any other medium which can be used to store the desiredinformation and which can be accessed by the computing component. By wayof further example, and not of limitation, computer-readable media mayinclude a communication media, e.g., wired media, such as a wirednetwork and a direct-wired connection, and wireless media such asacoustic, RF, optical, and infrared media.

Communication media may typically embody computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated datasignal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includeany information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means asignal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed insuch a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example,and not limitation, communication media may include wired media, such asa wired network and a direct-wired connection, and wireless media suchas acoustic, RF, optical, and infrared media.

The computing device may also include other removable/non-removable,volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media products. For example, suchmedia includes a non-removable non-volatile memory interface (hard diskinterface) 345 reads from and writes for example to non-removable,non-volatile magnetic media, or a removable non-volatile memoryinterface 350 that, for example, is coupled to a magnetic disk drive 351that reads from and writes to a removable, non-volatile magnetic disk352, or is coupled to an optical disk drive 355 that reads from andwrites to a removable, non-volatile optical disk 356, such as a CD ROM.Other removable/nonremovable, volatile/non-volatile computer storagemedia that can be used in the example operating environment include, butare not limited to, magnetic tape cassettes, memory cards, flash memorycards, DVDs, digital video tape, solid state RAM, and solid state ROM.The hard disk drive 357 is typically connected to the system bus 323through a non-removable memory interface, such as the interface 345, andmagnetic disk drive 351 and optical disk drive 355 are typicallyconnected to the system bus 323 by a removable non-volatile memoryinterface, such as interface 350.

The drives and their associated computer storage media discussed aboveprovide storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures,program modules, and other data for the computing device. In an aspect,the computer storage media discussed above provides storage for theingredient-microbe interaction dataset including information associatedwith potential interactions of one or more ingredient in a cosmeticproduct with one or more types of reference microbes. In an aspect, thecomputer storage media discussed above provides storage for theingredient list of one or more cosmetic products.

The computing device may operate in a networked environment usinglogical connections to one or more remote computers, such a remotecomputing device 360. The remote computing device 360 may be a personalcomputer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device, or othercommon network node, and typically includes many or all of the elementsdescribed above relative to the computing device 120. The remotecomputing device 360 may further include a computing componentassociated with a microbe profiling device, a microbe profiling system,a kit including an analyzer, or a kiosk. The remote computing device 360may further include a personal computing device, e.g., a cellular phone,smart phone, tablet, or other hand-held and mobile personal computingdevice. The network logical connections include a local area network(LAN) and a wide area network (WAN), and may also include other networkssuch as a personal area network (PAN) (not shown). Such networkingenvironments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computernetworks, intranets, and the Internet.

When used in a networking environment, the computing device is connectedto the network 362 through a network interface, such as the networkinterface 361, the modem 363, or the wireless interface 364. The networkmay include a LAN network environment, or a WAN network environment,such as the Internet. In a networked environment, program modulesdepicted relative to the computing device 120, or portions thereof, maybe stored in a remote memory storage device. By way of example, and notlimitation, remote application programs 365 may reside on computermedium 366. It will be appreciated that the network connections shownare examples and other means of establishing a communication linkbetween the computers may be used.

In certain instances, one or more elements of the computing device 120may be deemed not necessary and omitted. In other instances, one or moreother components may be deemed necessary and added to the computingdevice 120.

In one embodiment, image-based applications such as viewers and/ortoolkits (e.g., Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK)),are incorporated for further intake of information. In one embodiment,CAD implementations or image segmentation may allow processing ofreceived digital images.

In one embodiment, the computing device includes a computer-readablemedia drive or memory slot that is configured to accept non-transitorysignal-bearing medium (e.g., computer-readable memory media,computer-readable recording media, or the like). In one embodiment, aprogram for causing a system to execute any of the disclosed methods canbe stored on, for example, a computer-readable recording medium (CRMM),a non-transitory signal-bearing medium, or the like. Non-limitingexamples of signal-bearing media include a recordable type medium suchas magnetic tape, floppy disk, a hard disk drive, Compact Disc (CD), aDigital Video Disk (DVD), Blu-Ray Disc, digital tape, computer memory,or the like, as well as transmission type medium such as a digitaland/or analog communication medium (e.g., fiber optic cable, waveguide,wired communications link, wireless communication link). Furthernon-limiting examples of signal-bearing media include, but are notlimited to, DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, DVD+RW, DVD-RW, DVD-R, DVD+R, CD-ROM,Super Audio CD, CD-R, CD+R, CD+RW, CD-RW, Video Compact Discs, SuperVideo Discs, flash memory, magnetic tape, magneto-optic disk, MINIDISC,non-volatile memory card, EEPROM, optical disk, optical storage, RAM,ROM, system memory, web server, cloud, or the like.

In one embodiment, the computing device includes one or more modulesoptionally operable for communication with one or more input/outputcomponents that are configured to relay user output/input. In oneembodiment, a module includes one or more instances of electrical,electromechanical, software-implemented, firmware-implemented, or othercontrol devices. Such devices include one or more instances of memory,computing devices, antennas, power or other supplies, logic modules orother signaling modules, gauges or other such active or passivedetection components, piezoelectric transducers, shape memory elements,micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) elements, or other actuators.

Circuitry 130 of system 100 includes circuitry 140 configured to receiveinformation associated with a microbe profile of an individual, themicrobe profile including a distribution of one or more types ofmicrobes on a skin surface of the individual. In an aspect, the microbeprofile of the individual includes a spatial distribution of one or moretypes of microbes on a skin surface of the individual. For example, themicrobe profile of the individual can include a spatial distribution ofone or more types of microbes on a skin surface associated with theface, neck, head, scalp, torso, buttocks, upper extremities, lowerextremities, or genital regions of the individual. For example, themicrobe profile of the individual can include a spatial distribution ofa first type of microbe, e.g., a first type of bacteria, relative to aspatial distribution of a second type of microbe, e.g., a second type ofbacteria. In an aspect, the microbe profile of the individual includesthe identity of one or more types of microbes on the skin surface of theindividual. In an aspect, the one or more types of microbes include oneor more types of bacteria, fungus, virus, parasite, archaea, or smallarthropod (e.g., mites). In an aspect, the one or more types of microbesinclude at least one type of mutualistic microbe, commensal microbe, orpathogenic microbe. In an aspect, the one or more types of microbesinclude at least one type of introduced microbe, e.g., a probiotic orgenetically engineered microbe. In an aspect, the one or more types ofmicrobes include at least one type of commensal or pathogentic microbe,e.g., at least one type of commensal or pathogenic skin-residentmicrobe.

In an aspect, the microbe profile of the individual includes a spatialdistribution and/or identification of one or more types of microbes onthe skin surface of the individual. Non-limiting examples of commensalor pathogenic skin-associated or skin-resident bacteria includeproteobacteria, e.g., Pseudomonas sp., Janthinobacterium sp,Alphaproteobacteria, other gammaproteobacteria, and betaproteobacteria;Actinobacteria, e.g., Kocuria sp., Propionibacteria sp.;

Firmicutes, e.g., Staphylococcus epidermidis; Bacteroidetes; andSpirochaetes. See, e.g., Grice et al. (2008) Genome Res. 18:1043-1050;Grice & Segre (2011) Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 9:244-253, which areincorporated herein by reference. Non-limiting examples of commensal orpathogenic fungi, including commensal or pathogenic skin-resident orassociated types of fungi, include dermatophtyes, e.g., trichophyton,microsporum, epidermophyton, tinea capitis. Other skin-associated fungiinclude but are not limited to yeast, Candida, e.g., Candida albicans;and Malassezia spp (e.g., M. dermatis, M. furfur, M. globosa, and M.restricta). See, e.g., Gaitanis et al. (2012) Clin. Microbiol. Rev.25:106-141, which is incorporated herein by reference. Non-limitingexamples of skin-associated or skin-resident viruses include herpessimplex virus type I (HSV-1), herpes zoster, Molluscum contagiosum,human papillomavirus (HPV), Coxsackie virus A16, and herpes gladiatorum.Non-limiting examples of other parasites resident on or associated witha skin surface include skin-associated parasitic arthropods includingparasitic mites, e.g., Demodex spp including D. folliculorum and D.brevis, and Sarcoptes scabiei, a skin parasite associated with scabies.

FIG. 4 illustrates further aspects of a system such as shown in FIG. 1.In an aspect, circuitry 140 of system 100 includes circuitry 400configured to receive the information associated with the microbeprofile of the individual from a microbe profiling device. In an aspect,system 100 includes circuitry configured to receive the informationassociated with a microbe profiling device that directly detects one ormore types of microbes on the skin surface of an individual. Forexample, the microbe profiling device can include an optical microbeprofiling device that scans the skin surface with an optical energysource, e.g., light emitted from a fiber optic, laser, or light emittingdiode, and detects signals emitted or reflected in situ from themicrobes on the skin surface in response to the optical energy source.See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 8,280,471, to Rainone et al., and titled “Fiberoptic based detection of fluorescent bacterial pathogens,” which isincorporated herein by reference.

In an aspect, system 100 includes circuitry configured to receive theinformation associated with a microbe profiling device that indirectlydetects one or more types of microbes on the skin surface of anindividual. For example, the microbe profiling device can include amicrobe sampling component for sampling one or more types of microbesfrom a skin surface and a detecting component for detecting the one ormore types of microbes captured with the microbe sampling component. Inan aspect, the microbe profiling device includes a microbe sampling unitincluding a microbe-capture region, e.g., one or more materialsconfigured to selectively or non-selectively capture one or more typesof microbes from a skin surface, at least one sensor component, e.g., anoptical or fluorescence sensor, a user interface, e.g., a touchscreendisplay, and a computing component including a microprocessor andcircuitry configured to generate a microbe profile. In an aspect, system100 includes circuitry configured to receive the information associatedwith the microbe profile of the individual from a hand-held microbeprofiling device that includes a device head and a hand-held housing,the device head including an epidermis-engaging component, e.g., abrush, a razor, or abrasive pad, and at least one access window, and thehand-held housing defining an opening aligned with the at least oneaccess window of the device head, and including a microbe sampling unit,at least one sensor component, e.g., an optical or fluorescence sensor,at least one location-capture component, e.g., an image capture device,and a computing component including a microprocessor and circuitryconfigured to generate the microbe profile. Other non-limiting aspectsof hand-held microbe profiling devices are described in U.S. patentapplication Ser. Nos. 14/091,762, 14/091,793, and 14/091,805, each ofwhich is incorporated herein by reference.

In an aspect, system 100 includes circuitry configured to receive theinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual from amicrobe profiling device that includes a rotatable microbe sampling unitincluding the microbe-capture region. For example, the hand-held microbeprofiling device can include a rotatable microbe sampling unit that is acassette with one or more rotatable components including the microbecapture region. Non-limiting aspects of a hand-held microbe profilingdevice with a rotatable microbe sampling unit are described in U.S.patent application Ser. Nos. 14/091,832, and 14/091,856, each of whichis incorporated herein by reference. In an aspect, a hand-held microbeprofiling device includes an analyzer and a replaceable microbe samplingunit, e.g., a replaceable substrate including a microbe-capture region.

In an aspect, system 100 includes circuitry configured to receive theinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual from amicrobe profiling device that includes a microbe sampling unit with amicrobe-capture region including one or more materials configured tonon-selectively capture one or more types of microbes. For example, themicrobe-capture region can include a material, e.g., an adhesive, whichnon-selectively binds microbes from the skin surface of an individual.In an aspect, the microbe-capture region includes one or more materialsthat interact with biomolecules on the outer surface of microbes, e.g.,proteins, polysaccharides, carbohydrates, phospholipids, proteoglycans,and the like, non-limiting examples of which include poly-ionicsurfaces, e.g., poly-cationic surfaces such as polyamino acids (e.g.,polylysine), fibronectin, nitrocellulose, cellulose nitrate, hydrophobicpolymers, polyvinylidene fluoride coating, nylon coating, streptavidinor biotin, proteins, peptides, Concanavalin A, epoxy for bindingproteins and peptides, aldehydes for immobilizing amino modified oligosand cDNAs, native proteins, tissues, and cells, and amines forimmobilizing long oligos and cDNAs. Other non-limiting examples includeadhesives, absorbents, adsorbents, gels (e.g., hydrogels, colloids,agar, or gelatin), biomolecule-binding polymers (e.g., nitrocellulose orpoly-L-lysine), and extracellular matrix components (e.g., collagen,laminin, fibronectin, mucopolysaccharides, heparin sulfate,hyaluronidate, and chondroitin sulfate).

In an aspect, system 100 includes circuitry configured to receive theinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual from amicrobe profiling device that includes a microbe sampling unit with amicrobe-capture region including one or more materials configured toselectively capture one or more types of microbes. In an aspect, the oneor more materials configured to selectively capture the one or moretypes of microbes include one or more specific microbe-binding elementsthat recognize and bind at least one type of microbe, e.g., at least onetype of bacteria, fungus, or virus, on the skin surface of anindividual. In an aspect, the specific microbe-binding element isconfigured to specifically recognize and bind a particular microbe orclass of microbes. In an aspect, the specific microbe-binding elementmay be specific for a particular type of microbe, e.g., bacteria versusfungus. In an aspect, the specific microbe-binding element may bespecific for Gram-positive versus Gram-negative bacteria or for aparticular genus of microbes, e.g., Propionibacterium versusStaphylococcus. In an aspect, the specific microbe-binding element maybe specific for a particular species of bacteria within a genus, e.g.,S. aureus versus S. epidermidis. Specific microbe-binding elements caninclude substances derived from natural or synthetic sources.Non-limiting examples of specific microbe-binding elements includeantibodies, aptamers, oligonucelotides, or anti-16S rRNA ligands. Othernon-limiting examples of specific microbe-binding elements includeantibody fragments, peptides, DNA, RNA, peptide nucleic acids, proteins,viruses, lipid, glycolipids, sphingolipids, phospholipids,carbohydrates, enzymes, receptors, lectins, peptide aptamers, bacteria,cells, cell fragments, inorganic molecules, organic molecules,artificial binding substrates (e.g., those formed by molecularimprinting), or combinations thereof.

In an aspect, system 100 includes circuitry configured to receive theinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual from amicrobe profiling device that includes a microbe sampling unit with amicrobe-capture region including one or more materials configured toselectively generate a signal in response to interaction with one ormore types of microbes on the skin surface. For example, the system caninclude circuitry configured to receive the information associate withthe microbe profile of the individual from a microbe profiling devicethat includes a microbe-capture region with a plurality ofsignal-generating complexes, e.g., a signal-generating element operablycoupled to a specific microbe-binding element, which emit a signal inresponse to interaction with one or more types of microbes. For example,the plurality of signal-generating complexes can include opticalsignal-generating complexes, fluorescing signal-generating complexes,electromagnetic signal-generating complexes, radio signal-generatingcomplexes, electrical current signal-generating complexes, acousticsignal-generating complexes, or magnetic signal-generating complexes.

In an aspect, circuitry 140 of system 100 includes circuitry 410configured to receive the information associated with the microbeprofile of the individual from a microbe profiling system. In an aspect,system 100 includes circuitry configured to receive the informationassociated with the microbe profile of the individual from a microbeprofiling system that includes at least one of a microbe sampling unitincluding a microbe-capture region, a microbe sampling device, ananalyzer including at least one sensor component to detect one or moresignals emitted or reflected from the microbe sampling unit, and acomputing component including a processor and circuitry configured togenerate a microbe profile based on sensor output from the at least onesensor component. In an aspect, system 100 includes circuitry configuredto receive the information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual sampled using at least one of a mask, a mouthpiece, a strip,a swab, a brush, a sponge, or a razor. For example, system 100 caninclude circuitry configured to receive the information associated withthe microbe profile of the individual from a microbe profiling systemthat includes a mask, e.g., a pre-formed or peelable mask, whichsubstantially conforms to the topography of the skin surface of theindividual and captures and/or interacts with microbes on the skinsurface upon contact. For example, system 100 can include circuitryconfigured to receive the information associated with the microbeprofile of the individual from a microbe profiling system that includesa mouthpiece formed from a settable material (e.g., sodium alginate,polyether, silicones, polyvinyl siloxane, agar, or zinc oxide eugenol)using a dental or impression tray. Other non-limiting aspects of microbeprofiling systems for generating a microbe profile using a mask or amouthpiece are described in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos.13/975,055, 13/975,067, and 13/975,079, each of which is incorporatedherein by reference.

In an aspect, system 100 includes circuitry configured to receive theinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual from amicrobe profiling system that includes a kiosk. For example, system 100can include circuitry configured to receive the information associatedwith a microbe profile of an individual from a kiosk in a commercialspace, the kiosk configured to dispense one or more microbe samplingunits (e.g., swabs), analyze the microbe sampling units with at leastone sensor component (e.g., a spectrophotometer) after the individualhas sampled a skin surface, and generate a microbe profile of theindividual with a computing component. In an aspect, system 100 includescircuitry configured to receive the information associated with themicrobe profile of the individual from a microbe profiling system thatincludes a kit. For example, system 100 can include circuitry configuredto receive the information associated with a microbe profile of anindividual from an at-home kit, the kit including at least one microbesampling unit, e.g., a peelable mask with a microbe capture region, andan analyzer with at least one sensor component, e.g., an opticalscanner, a user interface, and a computing component. Other non-limitingaspects of a kiosk or kit for sampling a skin surface and generating amicrobe profile are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/255,653.

In an aspect, circuitry of 140 of system 100 includes circuitry 420configured to receive the information associated with the microbeprofile of the individual from a computing component associated with atleast one of a microbe profiling device or a microbe profiling system.For example, the computing component of the microbe profiling device orthe microbe profiling system can include circuitry configured to receivesensor output from at least one sensor component of the microbeprofiling device or microbe profiling system, the sensor outputincluding information associated with at least one property, e.g., atleast one optical, fluorescence, magnetic, acoustic, electrical,electromagnetic, or radiofrequency property, of the detected one or moresignals emitted or reflected from the microbe-capture region of themicrobe sampling unit; circuitry configured to compare the at least oneproperty of the detected one or more signals emitted or reflected fromthe microbe-capture region of the microbe sampling unit with a referencedataset of signal properties; and circuitry configured to generate amicrobe profile of the individual based on the comparison with thereference dataset of signal properties.

In an aspect, system 100 includes circuitry configured to receive theinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual from acomputing component associated with at least one of a microbe profilingdevice or a microbe profiling system through a wireless communication.The wireless communication means can include any of a number of wirelessimplementations, devices, and standards, non-limiting examples of whichinclude cellular networks, e.g., 3G, short-range point-to-pointcommunication, e.g., wireless USB, wireless sensor networks, e.g.,Bluetooth, or wireless LAN, e.g., Wi-Fi. For example, system 100 caninclude circuitry configured to receive the information associated withthe microbe profile of an individual via a cellular networkcommunication. In an aspect, system 100 includes circuitry configured toreceive the information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual from a computing component associated with at least one of amicrobe profiling device or a microbe profiling system through a wiredcommunication, e.g., a cable, phone, or Internet connection, provided bya telephone, cable, or fiber-optic network. In an aspect, system 100includes circuitry configured to receive the information associated withthe microbe profile from a computing component associated with ahand-held microbe profiling device or an analyzer of a microbe profilingkit. For example, system 100 can include circuitry configured to receivethe information associated with the microbe profile of the individualfrom a hand-held microbe profiling device or a microbe profiling kitused in a home environment and capable of communicating through acellular network to a computing device associated with a cosmeticsupplier and/or manufacturer. For example, system 100 can includecircuitry configured to receive the information associated with themicrobe profile of the individual from a kiosk or microbe profilingsystem associated with a medical or commercial space and capable ofcommunicating through a telephone or cable connection with a computingdevice associated with a cosmetic supplier and/or manufacturer.

In an aspect, circuitry 140 of system 100 includes circuitry 430configured to receive the information associated with the microbeprofile of the individual from a portable data storage device. Forexample, the microbe profile of the individual can be generated using amicrobe profiling device or system and the microbe profile downloaded toa portable data storage device and uploaded to computing device 120.Non-limiting examples of portable data storage devices have beendescribed above herein.

In an aspect, circuitry 140 of system 100 includes circuitry 440configured to receive the information associated with the microbeprofile of the individual from the Internet. In an aspect, the microbeprofile of the individual is downloaded from a microbe profiling device,microbe profiling system, and/or portable data storage device to theInternet, e.g., a specific client website, and then uploaded from theInternet onto computing device 120. For example, system 100 can includecircuitry configured to receive the microbe profile of an individualfrom an Internet site to which the individual has downloaded his/hermicrobe profile. For example, the microbe profile may be downloaded toan Internet site as part of a user interaction at a medical orcommercial kiosk, or through an analyzer as part of an at-home profilingkit.

FIG. 5 illustrates further aspects of a system 100. System 100 includescircuitry 150 configured to receive information associated with aningredient list 500 of the cosmetic product, the ingredient listincluding one or more cosmetic ingredients. For example, the ingredientlist can include the list of cosmetic ingredients printed on the labelof a cosmetic product. For example, the ingredient list can include adataset of cosmetic ingredients commonly used in cosmetic products. Forexample, the ingredient list can include a dataset of cosmeticingredient lists of a plurality of cosmetic products. For example, theingredient list can include a list of cosmetic products and acorresponding list of the cosmetic ingredients included in each of thelisted cosmetic products. For example, the ingredient list can include adataset that includes any of a number of GRAS (Generally Regarded AsSafe) ingredients as outlined under sections 201(s) and 409 of theFederal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

In an aspect, the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product include at least one of the one or morereference cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient-microbe interactiondataset. In an aspect, the ingredient list 500 of the cosmetic productincludes at least one of an abrasive, an absorbent, an alcohol, ananalgesic, an anticaking agent, an antifoaming agent, an antioxidant, abinder, an astringent, a buffering agent, a bulking agent, a chelatingagent, a colorant, a corrosion inhibitor, a deodorant, an emolient, anemulsion stabilizer, an exfoliant, a film former, a fragrance, ahumectant, a hydrating agent, a lipid, a lytic agent, a metal, amineral, a moisturizing agent, a nanoparticle, an oil, an opacifyingagent, a pH adjuster, a paraben, a petroleum derivative, a polymer, apreservative, a propellant, a reducing agent, a skin-conditioning agent,a skin protectant, a slip modifier, a solvent, a sunscreen agent, asurface modifier, a surfactant, a suspending agent, a viscositycontrolling agent, a viscosity decreasing agent, a viscosity increasingagent, or a wax, as shown in block 510. In an aspect, the one or moreingredients in the cosmetic product include at least one of one or moreprobiotic agents, one or more prebiotic agents, or one or moretherapeutic agents 520. Non-limiting examples of cosmetic ingredientshave been described above herein.

In an aspect, the cosmetic product includes a product formulated fortopical use. In an aspect, the cosmetic product includes at least one ofa liquid, a solid, a semisolid, or aerosol. In an aspect, the cosmeticproduct includes a topical product that is a solution, emulsion, orcolloidal dispersion of one or more ingredients in an aqueous ornonaqueous (oily) vehicle. In an aspect, the cosmetic product caninclude a mineral oil. In an aspect, the cosmetic product can include asemisolid ointment. For example, the cosmetic product can include awater-in-oil emulsion, an oil-in-water emulsion, or a petroleum-basedointment with limited amounts of aqueous component. In an aspect, thecosmetic product can include a wax. In an aspect, the cosmetic productcan include a powder. In an aspect, the cosmetic product can include amineral-based powder. In an aspect, the cosmetic product can include anatural or synthetic polymer, e.g., methylcellulose, silicone, or latex.In an aspect, the cosmetic product includes at least one of a primer, aconcealer, a foundation, or a bronzer. In an aspect, the cosmeticproduct includes a lip product, e.g., lipstick, lip balm, lip gloss, lipliner, lip plumper, or lip conditioner. In an aspect, the cosmeticproduct includes rouge, blush, or blusher. In an aspect, the cosmeticproduct includes mascara, eyeliner, or eyebrow pencils, creams, waxes,gels or powders. In an aspect, the cosmetic product includes stagemakeup. In an aspect, the cosmetic product includes a moisturizer, ananti-aging cream, a mask or peel, an exfoliant, a toner, or a sunscreen.In an aspect, the cosmetic product includes a deodorant, a shavingcream, or an aftershave cream or lotion. In an aspect, the cosmeticproduct includes a hair care product, e.g., a shampoo, conditioner,mousse, gel, hairspray, setting product, or hair colorant.

In an aspect, the ingredient list of the cosmetic product is stored inat least one of a memory component of computing device 120, a portabledata storage device, or a remoter server, as shown in block 530. Forexample, computing device 120 can be delivered to a user, e.g., theindividual or other individual, with the ingredient list loaded into amemory component of the computing device. In an aspect, circuitry 150includes circuitry 540 configured to receive the information associatedwith the ingredient list of the cosmetic product from a remote computingdevice. For example, the system can include circuitry configured toreceive the information associated with the ingredient list of thecosmetic product from a personal computing device, e.g., theindividual's smart phone. In an aspect, circuitry 540 includes circuitry550 configured to receive the information associated with the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product from at least one of a cosmeticdistributer, a cosmetic manufacturer, or a cosmetic formulary. Forexample, the system can include circuitry configured to receive theingredient list from a cosmetic manufacturer manufacturing the cosmeticproduct at issue. In an aspect, the remote computing device includes aremote server accessible to computing device 120. For example,ingredient list 110 may be stored on a remote computing deviceassociated with a cosmetic supplier and accessible to computing device120 through a web-based connection. In an aspect, ingredient list 110 isstored on a cloud-based server. In an aspect, the remote computingdevice includes a personal computing device, e.g., a home computer, atablet, or smart phone. In an aspect, circuitry 150 includes circuitry570 configured to receive the information associated with the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product from the Internet.

In an aspect, the ingredient list of the cosmetic product is stored on aportable data storage device. In an aspect, circuitry 150 includescircuitry 560 configured to receive the information associated with theingredient list of the cosmetic product from a portable data storagedevice. For example, the ingredient list of a cosmetic product may beprovided on a portable flash drive. Non-limiting examples of portabledata storage devices have been described above herein. In an aspect,computing device 120 includes a port or docking site sized to accept aportable data storage device including the ingredient list of thecosmetic product and circuitry configured to access the ingredient listfrom the inserted or docked portable data storage device.

In an aspect, the ingredient list of the cosmetic product is updatable.In an aspect, circuitry 150 includes circuitry configured to receiveinformation associated with an updated ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct. For example, the ingredient list of the cosmetic product isupdatable in response to changes (e.g., additions and/or subtractions)of one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of thecosmetic product. In an aspect, updates to the ingredient list areaccessible to the computing device of the system through a web-basedcommunication link, e.g., through the Internet, or through delivery of aportable data storage device, e.g., a memory card, including an updatedingredient list.

In an aspect, the computing device of the system includes circuitryconfigured to receive the information associated with the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product through a user interface. For example, theindividual or other user may manually enter the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product into thecomputing device using a user interface, e.g., a keyboard, touch pad,microphone, or the like.

In an aspect, the ingredient list of the cosmetic product is enteredinto the computing device by way of scanning device. FIG. 6 illustratesaspects of system 100 including scanning device 600. In an aspect,scanning device 600 is operably coupled to computing device 120 andincludes circuitry 610 configured to scan and digitize an ingredientlabel of the cosmetic product, the ingredient label including theingredient list of the cosmetic product. In an aspect, scanning device600 includes an optical scanning device, e.g., an optical characterrecognition scanning device for scanning text. In an aspect, scanningdevice 600 includes a barcode reader. For example, the scanning devicecan include a barcode reader for reading a barcode, e.g., a linear ormatrix barcode, associated with the cosmetic product, the barcodeincluding the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. Non-limitingexamples of barcode readers include pen-type readers, laser scanners,charged-coupled device (CCD) readers, camera-based readers, video camerareaders, and omni-directional barcode readers. In an aspect, scanningdevice 600 includes a radiofrequency identification (RFID) tag reader.In an aspect, scanning device 600 includes an active RFID tag reader. Inan aspect, scanning device 600 includes a passive RFID tag reader. Forexample, the scanning device can include a passive RFID tag reader forreading a passive RFID tag associated with the cosmetic product, thepassive RFID tag including the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.

FIG. 7 illustrates further aspects of system 100. System 100 includescircuitry 160 configured to compare the received information associatedwith the microbe profile of the individual and the receive informationassociated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to theingredient-microbe interaction dataset. In an aspect, system 100includes circuitry 700 configured to compare the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual to the one or moretypes of reference microbes in the ingredient-microbe interactiondataset. For example, system 100 can include circuitry configured tocompare an identified type of microbe, e.g., Propionibacterium orStaphylococcus, in the microbe profile of the individual to the one ormore types of reference microbes to determine any interactions of theidentified type of microbe with the one or more reference cosmeticingredients and by extension, the one or more cosmetic ingredients inthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In an aspect, system 100includes circuitry 710 configured to compare the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to the one ormore reference cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset. For example, system 100 can include circuitryconfigured to compare a cosmetic ingredient, e.g., stearic acid, in theingredient list of the cosmetic product to the one or more referencecosmetic ingredients to determine any interactions of the cosmeticingredient with the one or more types of reference microbes and byextension, the one or more types of microbe in the microbe profile ofthe individual.

System 100 includes circuitry 170 configured to identify an interactionbetween at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in theingredient list of the cosmetic product and at least one of the one ormore types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual, whereinthe interaction has a potential effect on the at least one of the one ormore ingredients in the cosmetic product. In an aspect, circuitry 170includes circuitry 720 configured to identify the potential effect onthe at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in theingredient list of the cosmetic product in response to at least one ofthe one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of theindividual. In an aspect, circuitry 720 includes circuitry 730configured to identify a potential color effect on the at least one ofthe one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of thecosmetic product in response to at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual. For example, thesystem can include circuitry configured to identify an interaction ofone or more chromogenic substrates in the cosmetic product that mightinteract with the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profileof the individual. For example, the system can include circuitryconfigured to identify an interaction of one or more pH sensitivepigments in the cosmetic product that might interact with pH changescaused by the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile ofthe individual.

In an aspect, circuitry 720 include circuitry 740 configured to identifya potential texture effect on the at least one of the one or morecosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product inresponse to at least one of the one or more types of microbes in themicrobe profile of the individual. For example, the system can includecircuitry configured to identify one or more cosmetic ingredients (e.g.,emulsifiers or emollients) in the cosmetic product that are metabolizedor assimilated by the one or more types of microbes in the microbeprofile that can result in a change in texture, e.g., “silkiness” or“smoothness” of the cosmetic product.

In an aspect, circuitry 720 includes circuitry 750 configured toidentify a potential pH effect on the at least one of the one or morecosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product inresponse to at least one of the one or more types of microbes in themicrobe profile of the individual. For example, the system can includecircuitry configured to identify at least one potential pH effectinduced by the presence of a particular type of bacteria, e.g., lacticacid producing species of Lactobacilli.

In an aspect, circuitry 720 includes circuitry 760 configured toidentify a potential odor effect on the at least one of the one or morecosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product inresponse to at least one of the one or more types of microbes in themicrobe profile of the individual. For example, the system can includecircuitry configured to identify at least one odor effect caused bymetabolism or degradation of one or more of the cosmetic ingredients inthe presence of one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile ofthe individual.

System 100 includes circuitry 180 configured to recommend a modificationto the ingredient list of the cosmetic in response to the identifiedinteraction. FIG. 8 illustrates further aspects of system 100. In anaspect, circuitry 180 of system 100 includes circuitry 800 configured torecommend a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic productto alleviate the identified interaction. In an aspect, the systemincludes circuitry configured to recommend a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product to lessen the identifiedinteraction between the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and the atleast one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile ofthe individual. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry configuredto recommend a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct to eliminate the identified interaction between the at least oneof the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of thecosmetic product and the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual. In an aspect, thesystem includes circuitry configured to recommend a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviate the potentialeffect on the at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients. Inan aspect, the system includes circuitry configured to recommend amodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviateat least one of a potential color effect, a potential texture effect, apotential pH effect, or a potential odor effect on the at least one ofthe one or more cosmetic ingredients.

In an aspect, circuitry 180 of system 100 includes circuitry 810configured to recommend a modification to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product to enhance the identified interaction. In an aspect,the system includes circuitry configured to recommend a modification tothe ingredient list of the cosmetic product to enhance the identifiedinteraction between the at least one or more the or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and the atleast one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile ofthe individual. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry configuredto recommend a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct to enhance a potential effect on the at least one of the one ormore cosmetic ingredients. In an aspect, the system includes circuitryconfigured to recommend a modification to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product to enhance at least one of a potential color effect, apotential texture effect, a potential pH effect, or a potential odoreffect on the at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients. Forexample, based on an individual's preference, the system may includecircuitry configured to identify potential color effects that areintensified in the presence of specific skin-associated microbes. Forexample, the system can include circuitry configured to add or subtractat least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients from the cosmeticproduct to enhance an interaction, e.g., to enhance a color effect.

In an aspect, circuitry 180 of system 100 includes circuitry 820configured to recommend an addition of at least one cosmetic ingredientto the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In an aspect, the systemincludes circuitry configured to recommend an addition of at least onecosmetic ingredient to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product toalleviate or enhance a potential effect on the at least one of the oneor more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry configured torecommend an addition of at least one cosmetic ingredient to theingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviate or enhance at leastone of a potential color effect, a potential texture effect, a potentialpH effect, or a potential odor effect on the at least one of the one ormore cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct. For example, the system can include circuitry configured torecommend addition of a buffering agent to alleviate or enhance apotential pH effect. For example, the system can include circuitryconfigured to recommend addition of a chromogenic substrate to alleviateor enhance a potential color effect. For example, the system can includecircuitry configured to recommend addition of one or more antimicrobialagents to kill or inhibit growth of one or more types of microbes in themicrobe profile of the individual that might contribute to degradationof one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of thecosmetic product, leading to a potential texture effect and/or anpotential odor effect.

In an aspect, circuitry 180 of system 100 includes circuitry 830configured to recommend a subtraction of at least one cosmeticingredient from the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In anaspect, the system includes circuitry configured to recommend asubtraction of at least one cosmetic ingredient from the ingredient listof the cosmetic product to alleviate or enhance a potential effect onthe at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in theingredient list of the cosmetic product. In an aspect, the systemincludes circuitry configured to recommend a subtraction of at least onecosmetic ingredient from the ingredient list of the cosmetic product toalleviate or enhance at least one of a potential color effect, apotential texture effect, a potential pH effect, or a potential odoreffect on the at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients inthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product. For example, the system caninclude circuitry configured to subtract a cosmetic ingredient from thecosmetic product that is susceptible to degradation and/or metabolism byone or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual.For example, the system can include circuitry configured to subtract apotential reactive cosmetic ingredient from the ingredient list and toadd a relatively inert cosmetic ingredient, e.g., a cosmetic ingredientnot known to be a metabolic or enzymatic substrate for any of the one ormore types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual.

In an aspect, circuitry 180 of system 100 includes circuitry 840configured to recommend a relative change in concentration of at leastone cosmetic ingredient in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.In an aspect, the system includes circuitry configured to recommend arelative change in concentration of at least one cosmetic ingredient inthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviate or enhance apotential effect on the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In anaspect, the system includes circuitry configured to recommend a relativechange in concentration of at least one cosmetic ingredient in theingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviate or enhance at leastone of a potential color effect, a potential texture effect, a potentialpH effect, or a potential odor effect on the at least one of the one ormore cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct.

FIG. 9 illustrates further aspects of system 100. In an aspect, system100 includes user interface 900. User interface 900 can include any of anumber of input or output components configured to allow a user, e.g.,the individual, to enter data, e.g., user information, and to receivedata, e.g., the recommended modifications to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product. Non-limiting examples of user interfaces include agraphical user interface, a display, a keyboard, a keypad, a trackball,a joystick, a touch-screen, a mouse, a switch, a dial, a button, amicrophone, a speaker, a printer, and or any other component that allowsfor input/output interactions between a user and a computing device.

In an aspect, system 100 further includes circuitry 910 configured toreceive user information from the individual. In an aspect, system 100includes circuitry configured to receive the user information from theindividual through user interface 900, e.g., a touchscreen display, akeyboard, or a microphone. In an aspect, system 100 includes circuitryconfigured to receive the user information from a remote source, e.g., apersonal computing device, an Internet site, or a computing componentassociated with a microbe profiling device, microbe profiling system,microbe profiling kit, or microbe profiling kiosk. In an aspect, system100 includes circuitry 920 configured to receive at least one of age,gender, ethnicity, geographical location, skin characteristics, medicalhistory, co-morbidities, or user preferences.

In an aspect, system 100 includes circuitry 930 configured to recommendthe modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product based atleast in part on user information. In an aspect, system 100 includescircuitry 940 configured to recommend the modification to the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product based at least in part on at least one ofage, gender, ethnicity, geographical location, skin characteristics,medical history, co-morbidities, or user preferences. For example, theage of a user, e.g., young versus old, may dictate the types of microbespresent on a given body surface. See, e.g., Yatsunenko et al. (2012)Nature 486:222-227 and Oh et al. (2012) Genome Medicine 4:77, which areincorporated herein by reference. For example, the ethnicity and/orgeographical location of the user may dictate the types of microbespresent on a given body surface. See, e.g., Mason et al. (2013) PLoSONE8(10):e77287 and Shetty et al. (2013) Microbiome 1:24, which areincorporated herein by reference. For example, a skin characteristicsuch as whether the skin surface is sebaceous, moist, or dry may dictatethe types of microbes present on said skin surface. See, e.g., Orrice etal. (2009) Science 324:1190-1192. In an aspect, the skin characteristicsmay dictate which vehicle (cream, gel, lotion, or solution) isappropriate for a skin type. For example, creams may be appropriate forusers with sensitive or dry skin, but too “oily” for users with oilyskin; user's with oily skin may be more comfortable with gels which havedrying effects, but may prevent cosmetics from adhering; lotions may beused for all skin types, but may also have burning or drying effects;and solutions, e.g., solutions of antimicrobials, are often dissolved inalcohol, which may dry the skin.

In an aspect, circuitry 940 includes circuitry configured to recommend amodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product based atleast in part on a user preference. For example, the user preference caninclude a preferred color, texture, pH, or odor. For example, the userpreference can include adding or subtracting a cosmetic ingredient fromthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product to cause a certaininteraction with the individual's microbes. For example, the individualmay prefer a red hue caused by the interaction of a specific cosmeticingredient in the cosmetic product with a specific type of microbe onthe skin surface of the individual. For example, the individual mayprefer an odor caused by the interaction of a specific cosmeticingredient in the cosmetic product with a specific type of microbe onthe skin surface of the individual.

System 100 further includes circuitry 190 configured to report to a userthe recommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct. In an aspect, the user includes the individual for whom themicrobe profile was generated. In an aspect, the user includes a secondindividual, e.g., a medical practitioner, a healthcare worker, apharmacist, a cosmetologist, a technician, merchant, a supplier, or amanufacturer. In an aspect, the user includes a computing deviceassociated with a medical or commercial entity, e.g., a supplier ormanufacturer of cosmetic goods. In an aspect, the user includes at leastone of a website, a social media site, or a personal computinginstrument, e.g., a smart phone. In an aspect, the user includes acomputing device associated with a formulation or filling device, theformulation or filling device configured to modify the cosmetic productby adding and/or subtracting one or more ingredients from a cosmeticproduct based on the recommended modification to the ingredient list.

In an aspect, system 100 includes circuitry 950 configured to report tothe user the recommended modification to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product on a display associated with a computing device, e.g.,computing device 120. For example, the individual may be interactingwith a computing device associated with a kiosk in a commercial center,the kiosk including a display for outputting information including therecommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.In an aspect, system 100 includes circuitry 960 configured to report tothe user the recommended modification to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product through a printout. For example, the individual orother user may receive a printout including the recommended modificationto the ingredient list of the cosmetic product from a printer operablycoupled to a computing device, e.g., computing device 120. In an aspect,system 100 includes circuitry 970 configured to report to the user therecommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic productthrough at least one of a telephone call, a text message, or an e-mail.For example, an individual may receive an automated phone, text, ore-mail message in which the recommended modification to the ingredientlist is provided to the individual. In an aspect, system 100 includescircuitry 980 configured to report the recommended modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product to a remote computing device. Inan aspect, the remote computing device can include an individual'spersonal computing device, e.g., a smart phone or tablet. In an aspect,the remote computing device can include a computing device associatedwith a supplier and/or a manufacturer of cosmetic products. For example,the system can include circuitry configured to report the recommendedmodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to a remotecomputing device operably coupled to a formulating and/or fillingapparatus. For example, the system can include circuitry configured togenerate the recommended modification to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product based on an individual's microbe profile using acomputing device at a medical practice or cosmetic counter and circuitryconfigured to report the recommended modification to the ingredient listof the cosmetic product to a second computing device associated with acosmetic supplier and/or manufacturer.

In an aspect, system 100 further includes circuitry 985 configured toprovide to the individual at least one discount coupon for purchase of amodified cosmetic product including the recommended modification to theingredient list. In an aspect, circuitry 985 is configured to provide aprinted discount coupon to the individual. In an aspect, circuitry 985is configured to provide the discount coupon electronically to theindividual's smart phone or to a computing device. In an aspect,circuitry 985 is configured to provide the discount coupon as a discountcode for use in making a purchase through the Internet or otherweb-based system.

In an aspect, system 100 further includes circuitry 990 configured toarrange for delivery of a modified cosmetic product including therecommended modification to the ingredient list. For example, thecircuitry can be configured to arrange for delivery of the modifiedcosmetic by way of the Postal Service, a shipping service, e.g., FedExor UPS, or a courier. In an aspect, system includes circuitry configuredto automatically arrange for delivery of the modified cosmetic product.For example, the circuitry can be configured to automatically arrangefor delivery of the modified cosmetic product by transmitting a requestto a cosmetic supplier and/or manufacturer to reformulate the cosmeticproduct, label the modified cosmetic product for shipment, and load themodified cosmetic product for delivery. In an aspect, the systemincludes circuitry configured to arrange for the delivery of themodified cosmetic product to a street address, e.g., a street address ofat least one of the individual's residence or workplace or a streetaddress of at least one of a medical practice, pharmacy, or retail storefor pick up by the individual. In an aspect, the system includescircuitry configured to arrange for delivery of the modified cosmeticproduct to a postal address, e.g., a post office box. In an aspect, thesystem includes circuitry configured to arrange for delivery of themodified cosmetic product to a residence, a post office, a deliveryservice office, a store, a pharmacy, a medical office, or a cosmeticcounter.

In an aspect, system 100 further includes circuitry configured to notifythe individual that delivery of the modified cosmetic product has beenarranged. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry configured tonotify the individual by at least one of an electronic communication, atelephonic communication, or a written communication. For example, thecircuitry can be configured to notify the individual by way of an e-mailcommunication or a text message. For example, the circuitry can beconfigured to notify the individual by way of an automated telephonecall. For example, the circuitry can be configured to notify theindividual by way of a postcard or letter sent through the mail.

Method

With reference to FIG. 10, shown is a flowchart of a method of modifyinga cosmetic product. The method includes receiving information associatedwith a microbe profile of an individual, the microbe profile including adistribution of one or more types of microbes on a skin surface of theindividual, as shown in block 1000;

receiving information associated with an ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct, the ingredient list of the cosmetic product including one ormore cosmetic ingredients, as shown in block 1010; comparing thereceived information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual and the received information associated with the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product to an ingredient-microbe interactiondataset, the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset includinginformation associated with interactions between one or more referencecosmetic ingredients and one or more types of reference microbes, asshown in block 1020; identifying an interaction between at least one ofthe one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of thecosmetic product and at least one of the one or more types of microbesin the microbe profile of the individual, wherein the interaction has apotential effect on the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients, as shown in block 1030;

recommending a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic inresponse to the identified interaction, as shown in block 1040; andreporting to the user the recommended modification to the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product, as shown in block 1050.

In an aspect, a method of modifying a cosmetic product, such asdescribed in FIG. 10, is implemented on a computing device. In anaspect, the method is implemented on a home computing device. In anaspect, the method is implemented on a computing device associated witha medical practice or a commercial site, e.g., a cosmetic counter. In anaspect, the method is implemented on a computing device associated witha cosmetic supplier, a cosmetic distributer, and/or a cosmeticmanufacturer. In an aspect, the method is implemented on a computingdevice associated with a microbe profiling device. In an aspect, themethod is implemented on a computing device associated with a microbeprofiling system. In an aspect, the method is implemented on a computingdevice associated with a kiosk, e.g., a cosmetic dispensing kioskassociated with a medical practice or a commercial site.

The method of FIG. 10 includes receiving information associated with amicrobe profile of an individual, the microbe profile including adistribution of one or more types of microbes on a skin surface of theindividual. In an aspect, the microbe profile of the individual includesa spatial distribution of one or more types of microbes on a skinsurface of the individual. For example, the method can include receivinginformation associated with a microbe profile of the individual thatincludes a spatial distribution of one or more types of microbes on askin surface associated with the face, neck, head, scalp, torso,buttocks, upper extremities, lower extremities, or genital regions ofthe individual. For example, the method can include receivinginformation associated with a microbe profile of the individual thatincludes a spatial distribution of a first type of microbe, e.g., afirst type of bacteria, relative to a spatial distribution of a secondtype of microbe, e.g., a second type of bacteria. In an aspect, themethod includes receiving information associated with a microbe profileof an individual including the identity of one or more types of microbeson the skin surface of the individual. In an aspect, the method includesreceiving information associated with a microbe profile of an individualincluding a spatial distribution of one or more types of bacteria,fungus, virus, parasite, archaea, or small arthropod (e.g., mites) onthe skin surface of the individual. In an aspect, the method includesreceiving information associated with a microbe profile of an individualincluding at least one type of mutualistic microbe, commensal microbe,or pathogenic microbe. In an aspect, the method includes receivinginformation associated with a microbe profile of an individual includingat least one type of introduced microbe, e.g., a probiotic orgenetically engineered microbe. In an aspect, the method includesreceiving information associated with a microbe profile of an individualincluding at least one type of resident microbe, e.g., at least one typeof skin-resident microbe.

FIG. 11 illustrates further aspects of a method such as shown in FIG.10. In an aspect, the method includes receiving the informationassociated with the microbe profile of the individual from a microbeprofiling device, as shown in block 1100. For example, the method caninclude receiving the information associated with the microbe profile ofthe individual from a hand-held microbe profiling device through awireless communication. In an aspect, the method includes receiving theinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual from amicrobe profiling system, as shown in block 1110. For example, themethod can include receiving the information associated with the microbeprofile of the individual from a microbe profiling kiosk located in ashopping mall or a cosmetic store. Non-limiting aspects of microbeprofiling devices and systems have been described above herein.

In an aspect, the method includes receiving the information associatedwith the microbe profile of the individual from a computing componentassociated with at least one of a microbe profiling device or a microbeprofiling system, as shown in block 1120. In an aspect, the methodincludes receiving the information associated with the microbe profileof the individual from a computing component associated with at leastone of a microbe profiling device or a microbe profiling system througha wireless communication. For example, the method can include receivingthe information associated with the microbe profile of an individual viaa cellular network communication. In an aspect, the method includesreceiving the information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual from a computing component associated with a computingcomponent associated with at least one of a microbe profiling device ora microbe profiling system through a wired communication, e.g., afiber-optic network. In an aspect, the method includes receiving theinformation associated with the microbe profile from a computingcomponent associated with a hand-held microbe profiling device or ananalyzer of a microbe profiling kit. For example, the method can includereceiving the information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual from a hand-held microbe profiling device or a microbeprofiling kit used in a home environment and capable of communicatingthrough a cellular network to a computing device associated with acosmetic supplier and/or manufacturer. For example, the method caninclude receiving the information associated with the microbe profile ofthe individual from a kiosk or microbe profiling system associated witha medical or commercial space and capable of communicating through atelephone or cable connection with a computing device associated with acosmetic supplier and/or manufacturer.

In an aspect, the method includes receiving the information associatedwith the microbe profile of the individual from a portable data storagedevice, as shown in block 1130. For example, the microbe profile of theindividual can be generated using a microbe profiling device or system,downloaded to a portable data storage device, and uploaded to acomputing device, e.g., a computing device for performing the method.Non-limiting examples of portable data storage devices have beendescribe above herein.

In an aspect, the method includes receiving the information associatedwith the microbe profile of the individual from at least one of a remotecomputing device, a remote server, or the Internet, as shown in block1140. In an aspect, the microbe profile of the individual is downloadedfrom a microbe profiling device, microbe profiling system, and/orportable data storage device to the Internet, e.g., a specific clientwebsite, and then uploaded from the Internet onto a computing device forperforming the method. For example, the method can include receiving themicrobe profile of an individual from an Internet site to which theindividual downloaded his/her microbe profile. For example, the microbeprofile may be downloaded to an Internet site as part of a userinteraction at a medical or commercial kiosk, or through an analyzer aspart of an at-home profiling kit.

In an aspect, the method includes receiving the information associatedwith the microbe profile of the individual with a computing device. Inan aspect, the method includes receiving the information associated withthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product with a computing device. Inan aspect, the computing device includes a computing device associatedwith a business, e.g., retail, wholesale, and/or manufacturing business.In an aspect, the computing device includes a computing component of amicrobe profiling device or the microbe profiling system. For example,the method can include receiving the microbe profile and the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product with the computing component of a hand-heldmicrobe profiling device, the computing component of the hand-heldmicrobe profiling device further configured to compare the microbeprofile and the ingredient list with at least one ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset, identify interactions between at least oneingredient of a cosmetic product and at least one of the one or moretypes of microbes in the microbe profile, recommend a modification tothe ingredient list of the cosmetic product, and report the recommendedmodification to the individual.

FIG. 12 shows further aspects of the method. The method includesreceiving information associated with an ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct. In an aspect, the method includes receiving informationassociated with the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product, as shown in block 1200. In an aspect, themethod includes receiving information associated with at least one of anabrasive, an absorbent, an alcohol, an analgesic, an anticaking agent,an antifoaming agent, an antioxidant, a binder, an astringent, abuffering agent, a bulking agent, a chelating agent, a colorant, acorrosion inhibitor, a deodorant, an emolient, an emulsion stabilizer,an exfoliant, a film former, a fragrance, a humectant, a hydratingagent, a lipid, a lytic agent, a metal, a mineral, a moisturizing agent,a nanoparticle, an oil, an opacifying agent, a pH adjuster, a paraben, apetroleum derivative, a polymer, a preservative, a propellant, areducing agent, a skin-conditioning agent, a skin protectant, a slipmodifier, a solvent, a sunscreen agent, a surface modifier, asurfactant, a suspending agent, a viscosity controlling agent, aviscosity decreasing agent, a viscosity increasing agent, or a wax inthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product, as shown in block 1210. Inan aspect, the method includes receiving information associated with atleast one of one or more probiotic agents, one or more prebioticsagents, or one or more therapeutic agents in the ingredient list of thecosmetic product, as shown in block 1220. In an aspect, the methodincludes receiving the information associated with the ingredient listof the cosmetic product from a remote source, as shown in block 1230. Inan aspect, the method includes receiving the information associated withthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product from a cosmetic distributer,a cosmetic manufacturer, or a cosmetic formulary, as shown in block1240. In an aspect, the method includes receiving the informationassociated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic product from aportable data storage device, as shown in block 1250. In an aspect, themethod includes receiving the information associated with the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product from a scanning device, as shown in block1260.

The method of FIG. 10 includes comparing the received informationassociated with the microbe profile of the individual and the receivedinformation associated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic productto the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset, the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset including information associated with interactionsbetween one or more reference cosmetic ingredients and one or more typesof reference microbes, as shown in block 1020. In an aspect, theingredient-microbe interaction dataset is stored in a memory componentof a computing device used for performing the method. In an aspect, theingredient-microbe interaction dataset is accessed from a remotecomputing device or remote server through a web or Internet connection.In an aspect, the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset is stored on aportable data storage device, e.g., a CD ROM or a memory card or stick.

FIG. 13 illustrates further aspects of a method such as shown in FIG.10. In an aspect, the method includes comparing the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual to the one or moretypes of reference microbes in the ingredient-microbe interactiondataset, as shown in block 1300. For example, the method can includecomparing an identified type of microbe, e.g., Staphylococcusepidermidis, to the reference microbes to identify any interactions ofthe identified type of microbe with the one or more reference cosmeticingredients. In an aspect, the method includes comparing the one or morecosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product withthe one or more reference cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset, as shown in block 1310. For example, the method caninclude comparing a cosmetic ingredient, e.g., stearic acid, in theingredient list of the cosmetic product to the one or more referencecosmetic ingredients to identify any interactions of the cosmeticingredient with one more types of reference microbes.

The method further includes identifying an interaction between at leastone of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list ofthe cosmetic product and at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual, wherein theinteraction has a potential effect on the at least one of the one ormore cosmetic ingredients. For example, the method can includeidentifying an interaction between a cosmetic ingredient in a cosmeticproduct with a type of microbe in the microbe profile of the individualfrom the comparison of the microbe profile and the ingredient list ofthe cosmetic product to the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset, theinteraction having a potential effect on one or more properties of thecosmetic ingredient. In an aspect, the method includes identifying thepotential effect on the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product in responseto at least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbeprofile of the individual, as shown in block 1320. In an aspect, themethod includes identifying a potential color effect on the at least oneof the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of thecosmetic product, as shown in block 1330. For example, the method caninclude identifying a potential color effect caused by the interactionof a chromogenic substrate in the cosmetic product and a type of microbein the microbe profile of the individual. For example, the method caninclude identifying a potential color effect caused by the interactionof a pH sensitive pigment or dye in the cosmetic product a type ofmicrobe in the microbe profile of the individual.

In an aspect, the method includes identifying a potential texture effecton the at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in theingredient list of the cosmetic product, as shown in block 1340. Forexample, the method can include identifying one or more cosmeticingredients, e.g., emulsifiers or emollients, in the cosmetic productthat are metabolized or assimilated by the one or more types of microbesin the microbe profile that can result in a change in texture, e.g.,“silkiness” or “smoothness” of the cosmetic product.

In an aspect, the method includes identifying a potential pH effect onthe at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in theingredient list of the cosmetic product, as shown in block 1350. Forexample, the method can include identifying a potential pH effectinduced by the presence of a particular type of bacteria, e.g., lacticacid producing species of Lactobacilli.

In an aspect, the method includes identifying a potential odor effect onthe at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in theingredient list of the cosmetic product, as shown in block 1360. Forexample, the method can include identifying a potential odor effectcaused by metabolism or degradation of one or more of the cosmeticingredients in the presence of one or more types of microbes in themicrobe profile of the individual.

FIG. 14 illustrates further aspects of a method such as shown in FIG.10. The method includes recommending a modification to an ingredientlist of the cosmetic product in response to the identified interaction,as shown in block 1030. In an aspect, the method includes recommending amodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviatethe identified interaction, as shown in block 1400. In an aspect, themethod includes recommending a modification to the ingredient list ofthe cosmetic product to lessen the identified interaction. In an aspect,the method includes recommending a modification to the ingredient listof the cosmetic product to eliminate the identified interaction. In anaspect, the method includes recommending a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviate the potentialeffect on the at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients inresponse to the at least one of the one or more types of microbes in themicrobe profile of the individual. In an aspect, the method includesrecommending a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct to alleviate at least one of a potential color effect, apotential texture effect, a potential pH effect, or a potential odoreffect on the at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients inresponse to the at least one of the one or more types of microbes in themicrobe profile of the individual.

In an aspect, the method includes recommending a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product to enhance the identifiedinteraction, as shown in block 1410. In an aspect, the method includesrecommending a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct to enhance the potential effect on the at least one of the oneor more cosmetic ingredients in response to the at least one of the oneor more types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual. Inan aspect, the method includes recommending a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product to enhance at least one of apotential color effect, a potential texture effect, a potential pHeffect, or a potential odor effect on the at least one of the one ormore cosmetic ingredients in response to the at least one of the one ormore types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual. Forexample, the method can include recommending a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product to make a potential color effectmore dramatic. For example, the method can include identifying colorinteractions that are intensified in the presence of specificskin-associated microbes. For example, the method can include adding orsubtracting at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients fromthe cosmetic product to enhance a potential effect, e.g., to enhance apotential color effect, as indicated by the individual's userpreferences.

In an aspect, the method includes recommending an addition of at leastone cosmetic ingredient to the ingredient list of the cosmetic productin response to the identified interaction, as shown in block 1420. In anaspect, the method includes recommending an addition of at least onecosmetic ingredient to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product toalleviate or enhance the potential effect on the at least one of the oneor more cosmetic ingredients in response to the at least one of the oneor more types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual. Inan aspect, the method includes recommending an addition of at least onecosmetic ingredient to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product toalleviate or enhance at least one of a potential color effect, apotential texture effect, a potential pH effect, or a potential odoreffect on the at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients inresponse to the at least one of the one or more types of microbes in themicrobe profile of the individual. For example, the method can includerecommending addition of a chromogenic substrate, e.g., indoxylα-D-glucoside or phenolphthalein phosphate, to induce a potential coloreffect in response to a specific type of microbe, e.g., Staphylococcusaureus. For example, the method can include recommending addition of oneor more antimicrobial agents to kill or inhibit growth of one or moretypes of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual that mightcontribute to degradation of one or more cosmetic ingredients in theingredient list of the cosmetic product leading to a potential textureand/or odor effect.

In an aspect, the method includes recommending a subtraction of at leastone cosmetic ingredient from the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct, as shown in block 1430. In an aspect, the method includesrecommending a subtraction of at least one cosmetic ingredient from theingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviate or enhance thepotential effect on the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in response to the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual. In an aspect, themethod includes recommending a subtraction of at least one cosmeticingredient from the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviateor enhance at least one of a potential color effect, a potential textureeffect, a potential pH effect, or a potential odor effect on the atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in response to the atleast one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile ofthe individual. For example, the method can include recommendingsubtraction of oleic acid and/or stearic acid to alleviate over growthof Candida or Pseudomonas. See, e.g., Yanagi & Onishi (1971) J. Soc.Cosmet. Chem. 22:851-865, which is incorporated herein by reference. Forexample, the method can include recommending subtraction of apotentially reactive cosmetic ingredient with a relatively inertcosmetic ingredient, e.g., a cosmetic ingredient not known to be ametabolic or enzymatic substrate for the one or more types of microbesin the microbe profile of the individual.

In an aspect, the method includes recommending a relative change inconcentration of at least one cosmetic ingredient in the ingredient listof the cosmetic product, as shown in block 1440. In an aspect, themethod includes recommending a relative change in concentration of atleast one cosmetic ingredient in the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct to alleviate or enhance the potential effect on the at least oneof the one or more cosmetic ingredients in response to the at least oneof the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of theindividual. In an aspect, the method includes recommending a relativechange in concentration of at least one cosmetic ingredient to theingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviate or enhance at leastone of a potential color effect, a potential texture effect, a potentialpH effect, or a potential odor effect on the at least one of the one ormore cosmetic ingredients in response to the at least one of the one ormore types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual. Forexample, the method can include recommending increasing a firstingredient and decreasing or eliminating a second ingredient. Forexample, the method can include recommending addition of a cosmeticingredient, e.g., an antimicrobial, to inhibit growth of a particulartype of microbe and recommending subtraction of a nutrient, e.g., ahydrocarbon source, to further inhibit growth of the particular type ofmicrobe.

FIG. 15 illustrates further aspects of a method such as shown in FIG.10. In an aspect, the method of FIG. 10 further includes receiving userinformation from the individual, as shown in block 1500. In an aspect,the method includes receiving the user information from the individualthrough a user interface, e.g., a touchscreen display, a keyboard, or amicrophone. In an aspect, the method includes receiving the userinformation from a remote source, e.g., a personal computing device, anInternet site, or a computing component associated with a microbeprofiling device, microbe profiling system, microbe profiling kit, ormicrobe profiling kiosk. In an aspect, the method includes receiving atleast one of age, gender, ethnicity, geographical location, skincharacteristics, medical history, co-morbidities, or user preferences,as shown in block 1510.

In an aspect, the method further includes recommending the modificationto the ingredient list of the cosmetic product based at least in part onuser information, as shown in block 1520. In an aspect, the methodincludes recommending the modification to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product based at least in part on at least one of age, gender,ethnicity, geographical location, skin characteristics, medical history,co-morbidities, or user preferences, as shown in block 1530. Forexample, the method can include recommending a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product based at least in part on theage of the individual in addition to the identified interaction betweena cosmetic ingredient in the ingredient list of a cosmetic product and atype of microbe in the microbe profile of the individual. For example,the method can include recommending a modification to the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product based at least in part on reported skinallergies or sensitivities to specific ingredients in addition to theidentified interaction.

The method of FIG. 10 further includes reporting to a user therecommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.In an aspect, the user includes the individual for whom the microbeprofile was generated. In an aspect, the user includes a secondindividual, e.g., a medical practitioner, a cosmetologist, or atechnician. In an aspect, the user includes a computing deviceassociated with a medical or commercial entity, e.g., a supplier ormanufacturer of cosmetic goods. In an aspect, the user includes acomputing device associated with a formulation device, the formulationdevice configured to modify the cosmetic product based on therecommended modification to the ingredient list.

In an aspect, the method includes reporting to the user the recommendedmodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product on a displayassociated with a computing device, as shown in block 1540. For example,the method can include reporting to the user the recommendedmodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic on a displayassociated with a computing device on which the recommended modificationis generated. In an aspect, the method includes reporting to the userthe recommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct through a printout, as shown in block 1550. In an aspect, themethod includes reporting to the user the recommended modification tothe ingredient list of the cosmetic product through at least one of atelephone call, a text message, or an e-mail, as shown in block 1560. Inan aspect, the method includes reporting the recommended modification tothe ingredient list of the cosmetic product to a computing device, asshown in block 1570. For example, the method can include reporting therecommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic productto a computing device operably coupled to a filling apparatus. Forexample, the method can include generating the recommended modificationto the ingredient list of the cosmetic product based on an individual'smicrobe profile using a computing device at a medical practice orcosmetic counter and then reporting the recommended modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product to a computing device associatedwith a cosmetic supplier and/or manufacturer.

In an aspect, the method further includes providing to the individual atleast one discount coupon for purchase of the modified cosmetic productincluding the recommended modification to the ingredient list, as shownin block 1580. In an aspect, the method includes providing to theindividual at least one printed discount coupon. In an aspect, themethod includes providing at least one discount coupon electronically tothe individual's smart phone or to a computing device. In an aspect, themethod includes providing the discount coupon as a discount code for usein making a purchase through the Internet or other web-based system.

In an aspect, the method further includes arranging for delivery of amodified cosmetic product including the recommended modification to theingredient list, as shown in block 1590. For example, the method caninclude arranging for delivery of a modified cosmetic product by way ofthe Postal Service, a shipping service, e.g., FedEx or UPS, or acourier. In an aspect, the method includes automatically arranging fordelivery of the modified cosmetic product. For example, a computingdevice executing the method described herein can automatically arrangefor delivery of the modified cosmetic product. In an aspect, the methodincludes arranging for the delivery of the modified cosmetic product toa street address. For example, the method can include arranging fordelivery of the modified cosmetic product to a street address of atleast one of the individual's residence or workplace. For example, themethod can include arranging for delivery of the modified cosmeticproduct to a street address of at least one of a medical office, beautysalon, or retail store for pick up by the individual. In an aspect, themethod includes arranging for the delivery of the modified cosmeticproduct to a postal address, e.g., a post office box. In an aspect, themethod includes arranging for delivery of the modified cosmetic productto a residence, a post office, a delivery service office, a store, apharmacy, a medical office, or a cosmetic counter.

In an aspect, the method further includes notifying the individual thatdelivery of the modified cosmetic product has been arranged. In anaspect, the method includes notifying the individual by at least one ofan electronic communication, a telephonic communication, or a writtencommunication. For example, the method can include notifying theindividual by way of an e-mail communication or a text message. Forexample, the method can include notifying the individual by way of anautomated telephone call. For example, the method can include notifyingthe individual by way of a postcard or letter sent through the mail.

FIG. 16 illustrates aspects of a system for modifying a cosmeticproduct. System 1600 includes circuitry 1610. Circuitry 1610 of system1600 includes circuitry 1620 for receiving information associated with amicrobe profile of an individual, the microbe profile including adistribution of one or more types of microbes on a skin surface of theindividual. Circuitry 1610 of system 1600 includes circuitry 1630 forreceiving information associated with an ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct, the ingredient list including one or more cosmetic ingredients.Circuitry 1610 of system 1600 includes circuitry 1640 for comparing thereceived information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual and the received information associated with the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product to an ingredient-microbe interactiondataset, the one ingredient-microbe interaction dataset includinginformation associated with interactions between one or more referencecosmetic ingredients and one or more types of reference microbes.Circuitry 1610 of system 1600 includes circuitry 1650 for identifying aninteraction between at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredientsin the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and at least one of theone or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual,wherein the interaction has a potential effect on the at least one ofthe one or more cosmetic ingredients. Circuitry 1610 of system 1600includes circuitry 1660 for recommending a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product in response to the identifiedinteraction. Circuitry 1610 of system 1600 includes circuitry 1670 forsending a signal to report to a user the recommended modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product.

FIG. 17 illustrates further aspects of a system such as shown in FIG.16. In an aspect, system 1600 includes computing device 1700. Computingdevice 1700 can take various forms or be part of an object, such as apersonal computer, a limited resource computing device, a wirelesscommunication device, a mobile wireless communication device, a handheldelectronic writing device, a tablet, a cell phone, a PDA, or anelectronic tablet device. In an aspect, computing device 1700 isassociated with a manufacturing device, e.g., a device or apparatus forformulating a cosmetic product and/or filing a container with a cosmeticproduct. Other non-limiting aspects of a computing device have beendescribed above herein.

Computing device 1700 includes a processor and circuitry 1610. Circuitry1610 includes circuitry 1620 for receiving information associated with amicrobe profile of an individual, the microbe profile including adistribution of one or more types of microbes on a skin surface of theindividual; circuitry 1630 for receiving information associated with aningredient list of the cosmetic product, the ingredient list includingone or more cosmetic ingredients; circuitry 1640 for comparing thereceived information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual and the received information associated with the ingredientlist to an ingredient-microbe interaction dataset, theingredient-microbe interaction dataset including information associatedwith interactions between one or more reference cosmetic ingredients andone or more types of reference microbes; circuitry 1650 for identifyingan interaction between at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and at leastone of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of theindividual, wherein the interaction has a potential effect on the atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients; circuitry 1660 forrecommending a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct in response to the identified interaction; and circuitry 1670for sending a signal to report to a user the recommended modification tothe ingredient list of the cosmetic product.

In an aspect, computing device 1700 includes circuitry for executing oneor more instructions for modifying a cosmetic product. In an aspect, theone or more instructions for modifying the cosmetic product include oneor more instructions for receiving information associated with a microbeprofile of an individual, the microbe profile including a distributionof one or more types of microbes on a skin surface of the individual;one or more instructions for receiving an ingredient list of thecosmetic product, the ingredient list including one or more cosmeticingredients; one or more instructions for comparing the receivedinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual andthe received information associated with the ingredient list to aningredient-microbe interaction dataset, the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset including information associated with interactionsbetween one or more reference cosmetic ingredients and one or more typesof reference microbes;

one or more instructions for identifying an interaction between at leastone of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list ofthe cosmetic product and at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual, wherein theinteraction has a potential effect on the at least one of the one ormore cosmetic ingredients; one or more instructions for recommending amodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product in responseto the identified interaction;

and one or more instructions for sending a signal to report to a userthe recommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct.

System 1600 includes circuitry 1620 for receiving information associatedwith a microbe profile of an individual, the microbe profile including adistribution of one or more types of microbes on a skin surface of theindividual. In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry for receivingthe information associated with the microbe profile of the individualthrough a wireless communication, e.g., through a cellular networkcommunication. In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry forreceiving the information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual through a wired communication, e.g., a cable, phone, orInternet connection, provided by a telephone, cable, or fiber-opticnetwork.

FIG. 18 illustrates further aspects of a system such as shown in FIG.16. In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 1800 for receiving theinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual from amicrobe profiling device, e.g., a hand-held microbe profiling devicewith a transmission unit for wireless communication. In an aspect,system 1600 includes circuitry 1810 for receiving the informationassociated with the microbe profile of the individual from a microbeprofiling system, e.g., a kiosk microbe profiling system with a cableconnection to the Internet. In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry1820 for receiving the information associated with the microbe profileof the individual from a computing component associated with at leastone of a microbe profiling device or a microbe profiling system. In anaspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 1830 for receiving theinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual from aportable data storage device, e.g., a compact disk or a memory card orstick. In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 1840 for receivingthe information associated with the microbe profile of the individualfrom at least one of a remote computing device, a remote server, or theInternet.

System 1600 includes circuitry 1630 for receiving information associatedwith an ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In an aspect, system1600 includes circuitry for receiving the information associated withthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product through a wirelesscommunication, e.g., through a cellular network communication. In anaspect, system 1600 includes circuitry for receiving the informationassociated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic product through awired communication, e.g., a cable, phone, or Internet connection,provided by a telephone, cable, or fiber-optic network.

FIG. 19 illustrates further aspects of the system of FIG. 16. In anaspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 1900 for receiving informationassociated with the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product. In an aspect, system 1600 includescircuitry 1910 for receiving information associated with at least one ofan abrasive, an absorbent, an alcohol, an analgesic, an anticakingagent, an antifoaming agent, an antioxidant, a binder, an astringent, abuffering agent, a bulking agent, a chelating agent, a colorant, acorrosion inhibitor, a deodorant, an emolient, an emulsion stabilizer,an exfoliant, a film former, a fragrance, a humectant, a hydratingagent, a lipid, a lytic agent, a metal, a mineral, a moisturizing agent,a nanoparticle, an oil, an opacifying agent, a pH adjuster, a paraben, apetroleum derivative, a polymer, a preservative, a propellant, areducing agent, a skin-conditioning agent, a skin protectant, a slipmodifier, a solvent, a sunscreen agent, a surface modifier, asurfactant, a suspending agent, a viscosity controlling agent, aviscosity decreasing agent, a viscosity increasing agent, or a wax inthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In an aspect, system 1600includes circuitry 1920 for receiving information associated with atleast one of one or more probiotic agents, one or more prebioticsagents, or one or more therapeutic agents in the ingredient list of thecosmetic product. In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 1930 forreceiving the information associated with the ingredient list of thecosmetic product from a remote source. In an aspect, system 1600includes circuitry 1940 for receiving the information associated withthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product from a cosmetic distributer,a cosmetic manufacturer, or a cosmetic formulary. In an aspect, system1600 includes circuitry 1950 for receiving the information associatedwith the ingredient list of the cosmetic product from a portable datastorage device. In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 1960 forreceiving the information associated with the ingredient list of thecosmetic product from a scanning device.

System 1600 includes circuitry 1640 for comparing the receivedinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual andthe received information associated with the ingredient list of thecosmetic product to the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset, theingredient-microbe interaction dataset including information associatedwith interactions between one or more reference cosmetic ingredients andone or more types of reference microbes. In an aspect, theingredient-microbe interaction dataset is stored in a memory componentof a computing device of the system. In an aspect, theingredient-microbe interaction dataset is accessed from a remotecomputing device or remote server through a web or Internet connection.In an aspect, the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset is stored on aportable data storage device, e.g., a CD ROM or a memory card or stick.

FIG. 20 illustrates further aspects of system 1600. In an aspect, system1600 includes circuitry 2000 for comparing the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual to the one or moretypes of reference microbes in the ingredient-microbe interactiondataset. For example, the system includes circuitry for comparing anidentified type of microbe, e.g., Staphylococcus epidermidis, to the oneor more types of reference microbes to determine any interactions of theidentified type of microbe with the one or more reference cosmeticingredients. In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 2010 forcomparing the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list ofthe cosmetic product to the one or more reference cosmetic ingredientsin the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset. For example, the systemincludes circuitry for comparing a cosmetic ingredient, e.g., stearicacid, in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to the one or morereference cosmetic ingredients to determine any interactions of thecosmetic ingredient with the one or more types of reference microbes.

System 1600 further includes circuitry 1650 for identifying aninteraction between at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredientsin the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and at least one of theone or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual,wherein the interaction has a potential effect on the at least one ofthe one or more cosmetic ingredients. For example, the system caninclude circuitry for identifying an interaction between a cosmeticingredient in a cosmetic product and a type of microbe in the microbeprofile of the individual from the comparison of the microbe profile andthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product to the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset, the interaction having a potential effect on one ormore properties of the cosmetic ingredient. In an aspect, system 1600includes circuitry 2020 for identifying the potential effect on the atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient listof the cosmetic product in response to at least one of the one or moretypes of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual. In anaspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 2030 for identifying a potentialcolor effect on the at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredientsin the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. For example, the systemcan include circuitry for identifying a potential color effect caused bythe interaction between a chromogenic substrate in the cosmetic productand a type of microbe in the microbe profile of the individual. Forexample, the system can include circuitry for identifying a potentialcolor effect caused by the interaction between a pH sensitive pigment ordye in the cosmetic product and a type of microbe in the microbe profileof the individual.

In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 2040 for identifying apotential texture effect on the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. For example,the system can include circuitry for identifying one or more cosmeticingredients, e.g., emulsifiers or emollients, in the cosmetic productthat are metabolized or assimilated by the one or more types of microbesin the microbe profile and result in a change in texture, e.g.,“silkiness” or “smoothness” of the cosmetic product.

In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 2050 for identifying apotential pH effect on the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. For example,the system can include circuitry for identifying a potential pH effectbetween a cosmetic ingredient and a particular type of bacteria, e.g.,lactic acid producing species of Lactobacilli, in the microbe profile ofthe individual.

In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 2050 for identifying apotential odor effect on the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. For example,the system can include circuitry for identifying a potential odor effectcaused by metabolism or degradation of one or more of the cosmeticingredients in the presence of one or more types of microbes in themicrobe profile of the individual.

FIG. 21 illustrates further aspects of system 1600. System 1600 includescircuitry 1660 for recommending a modification to the ingredient list ofthe cosmetic product in response to the identified interaction. In anaspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 2100 for recommending amodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviatethe identified interaction. In an aspect, the system includes circuitryfor recommending a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct to lessen the identified interaction. In an aspect, the systemincludes circuitry for recommending a modification to the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product to eliminate the identified interaction. Inan aspect, the system includes circuitry for recommending a modificationto the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviate thepotential effect on the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in response to the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual. In an aspect, thesystem includes circuitry for recommending a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviate at least one of apotential color effect, a potential texture effect, a potential pHeffect, or a potential odor effect on the at least one of the one ormore cosmetic ingredients in response to the at least one of the one ormore types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual.

In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 2110 for recommending amodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to enhancethe identified interaction. In an aspect, the system includes circuitryfor recommending a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct to enhance the potential effect on the at least one of the oneor more cosmetic ingredients in response to the at least one of the oneor more types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual. Inan aspect, the system includes circuitry for recommending a modificationto the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to enhance at least oneof a potential color effect, a potential texture effect, a potential pHeffect, or a potential odor effect on the at least one of the one ormore cosmetic ingredients in response to the at least one of the one ormore types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual.

In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 2120 for recommending anaddition of at least one cosmetic ingredient to the ingredient list ofthe cosmetic product in response to the identified interaction. In anaspect, the system includes circuitry for recommending an addition of atleast one cosmetic ingredient to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct to alleviate or enhance the potential effect on the at least oneof the one or more cosmetic ingredients in response to the at least oneof the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of theindividual. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry for recommendingan addition of at least one cosmetic ingredient to the ingredient listof the cosmetic product to alleviate or enhance at least one of apotential color effect, a potential texture effect, a potential pHeffect, or a potential odor effect on the at least one of the one ormore cosmetic ingredients in response to the at least one of the one ormore types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual.

In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 2130 for recommending asubtraction of at least one cosmetic ingredient from the ingredient listof the cosmetic product. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry forrecommending a subtraction of at least one cosmetic ingredient from theingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviate or enhance thepotential effect on the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in response to the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual. In an aspect, thesystem includes circuitry for recommending a subtraction of at least onecosmetic ingredient from the ingredient list of the cosmetic product toalleviate or enhance at least one of a potential color effect, apotential texture effect, a potential pH effect, or a potential odoreffect on the at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients inresponse to the at least one of the one or more types of microbes in themicrobe profile of the individual.

In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 2140 for recommending arelative change in concentration of at least one cosmetic ingredient inthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In an aspect, the systemincludes circuitry for recommending a relative change in concentrationof at least one cosmetic ingredient to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product to alleviate or enhance the potential effect on the atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in response to the atleast one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile ofthe individual. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry forrecommending a relative change in concentration of at least one cosmeticingredient to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviateor enhance at least one of a potential color effect, a potential textureeffect, a potential pH effect, or a potential odor effect on the atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in response to the atleast one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile ofthe individual.

FIG. 22 illustrates further aspects of system 1600. In an aspect, system1600 includes circuitry 2200 for receiving user information from theindividual. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry for receivingthe user information from the individual through a user interface, e.g.,a touchscreen display, a keyboard, or a microphone. In an aspect, thesystem includes circuitry for receiving the user information from aremote source, e.g., a personal computing device, an Internet site, or acomputing component associated with a microbe profiling device, microbeprofiling system, microbe profiling kit, or microbe profiling kiosk. Inan aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 2210 for receiving at leastone of age, gender, ethnicity, geographical location, skincharacteristics, medical history, co-morbidities, or user preferences.

In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 2220 for recommending themodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product based atleast in part on user information. In an aspect, system 1600 includescircuitry 2230 for recommending the modification to the ingredient listof the cosmetic product based at least in part on at least one of age,gender, ethnicity, geographical location, skin characteristics, medicalhistory, co-morbidities, or user preferences.

System 1600 includes circuitry 1670 for sending a signal to report to auser the recommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct. In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 2240 for sending asignal to report to the user the recommended modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product on a display associated with acomputing device. In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 2250 forsending a signal to report to the user the recommended modification tothe ingredient list of the cosmetic product through a printout. In anaspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 2260 for sending a signal toreport to the user the recommended modification to the ingredient listof the cosmetic product through at least one of a telephone call, a textmessage, or an e-mail. In an aspect, system 1600 includes circuitry 2270for sending a signal to report the recommended modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product to a computing device.

In an aspect, system 1600 further includes circuitry 2280 for providingto the individual at least one discount coupon for purchase of themodified cosmetic product including the recommended modification to theingredient list. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry forproviding to the individual at least one printed discount coupon. In anaspect, the system includes circuitry for providing at least onediscount coupon electronically to the individual's smart phone or to acomputing device. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry forproviding the discount coupon as a discount code for use in making apurchase through the Internet or other web-based system.

In an aspect, system 1600 further includes circuitry 2290 for arrangingfor delivery of a modified cosmetic product including the recommendedmodification to the ingredient list. For example, the system can includecircuitry for arranging for delivery of a modified cosmetic product byway of the Postal Service, a shipping service, e.g., FedEx or UPS, or acourier. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry for automaticallyarranging for delivery of the modified cosmetic product. In an aspect,the system includes circuitry for arranging for the delivery of themodified cosmetic product to a street address, e.g., a street address ofthe individual's residence or workplace, or of a medical office, beautysalon, or retail store for pick up by the individual. In an aspect, thesystem includes circuitry for arranging for the delivery of the modifiedcosmetic product to a postal address, e.g., a post office box. In anaspect, the system includes circuitry for arranging for the delivery ofthe modified cosmetic product to a residence, a post office, a deliveryservice office, a store, a pharmacy, a medical office, or a cosmeticcounter.

In an aspect, the system includes circuitry for notifying the individualby at least one of an electronic communication, a telephoniccommunication, or a written communication that delivery of the modifiedcosmetic product has been arranged.

FIG. 23 illustrates aspects of a system for modifying a cosmetic productbased on a microbe profile. System 2300 includes computing device 2310;

ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2320 including informationassociated with interactions between one or more reference cosmeticingredients and one or more types of reference microbes; andnon-transitory machine-readable media 2330 including one or moreinstructions for modifying a cosmetic product. Non-transitory machinereadable media 2330 includes one or more instructions 2340 for receivinginformation associated with a microbe profile of an individual, themicrobe profile including a distribution of one or more types ofmicrobes on a skin surface of the individual; one or more instruction2350 for receiving information associated with an ingredient list of thecosmetic product, the ingredient list including one or more cosmeticingredients; one or more instructions 2360 for comparing the receivedinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual andthe received information associated with the ingredient list of thecosmetic product to the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2320; oneor more instructions 2370 for identifying an interaction between atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient listof the cosmetic product and at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual, wherein theinteraction has a potential effect on the at least one of the one ormore cosmetic ingredients; one or more instruction 2380 for recommendinga modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product inresponse to the identified interaction; and one or more instructions2390 for reporting to a user the recommended modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product.

System 2300 includes computing device 2310. Computing device includes aprocessor and is capable of executing one or more instructions.Computing device 2310 can take various forms or be part of an object,such as a personal computer, a limited resource computing device, awireless communication device, a mobile wireless communication device, ahandheld electronic writing device, a tablet, a cell phone, a PDA, or anelectronic tablet device. In an aspect, computing device 2310 isassociated with a microbe profiling device or a microbe profilingsystem. In an aspect, computing device 2310 is a computing componentassociated with a microbe profiling device or a microbe profilingsystem. In an aspect, computing device 2310 is associated with amanufacturing device, e.g., a device or apparatus for formulating acosmetic product and/or filing a container with a cosmetic product.Other non-limiting aspects of a computing device have been describedherein.

System 2300 includes ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2320.Ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2320 includes informationassociated with interactions between one or more reference cosmeticingredients and one or more types of reference microbes. In an aspect,ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2320 includes one or morereference cosmetic ingredients, non-limiting examples of which have beendescribed above herein. In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interactiondataset 2320 includes one or more types of reference microbes,non-limiting examples of which have been described above herein. In anaspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2320 includes informationassociated with interactions between the one or more reference cosmeticingredients and the one or more types of reference microbes. In anaspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2320 includes informationassociated with a potential effect on the one or more reference cosmeticingredients in response to the one or more types of reference microbes.In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2320 includesinformation associated with at least one of a potential color effect, apotential texture effect, a potential pH effect, or a potential odoreffect on the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients in response tothe one or more types of reference microbes.

In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2320 isincorporated into a memory component of computing device 2310. In anaspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2320 is stored on aportable data storage device. In an aspect, ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset 2320 is stored on a remote computing device. In anaspect, the remote computing device is associated with a cosmeticsupplier, a cosmetic manufacturer, or a cosmetic formulary. In anaspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2320 is updatable.Additional non-limiting aspects of an ingredient-microbe interactiondataset have been described above herein.

System 2300 further includes non-transitory machine-readable media 2330including one or more instructions for modifying the cosmetic product.The non-transitory machine-readable media 2330 includes one or moreinstructions 2340 for receiving information associated with a microbeprofile of an individual. In an aspect, the one or more instructionsinclude one of more instructions for receiving the informationassociated with the microbe profile of the individual through a wiredand/or wireless communication link. In an aspect, the one or moreinstructions include one or more instructions for receiving theinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual from amicrobe profiling device or a microbe profiling system. In an aspect,the one or more instructions include one or more instructions forreceiving the information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual from a computing component associated with a microbeprofiling device or a microbe profiling system. In an aspect, the one ormore instructions include one or more instructions for receiving theinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual from aportable data storage device. In an aspect, the one or more instructionsinclude one or more instructions for receiving the informationassociated with the microbe profile of the individual from the Internet.

The non-transitory machine-readable media 2330 of system 2300 includesone or more instructions 2350 for receiving information associated withan ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In an aspect, the one ormore instructions include one or more instructions for receivinginformation associated with one or more cosmetic ingredients in theingredient list of the cosmetic product. In an aspect, the one or moreinstructions include one or more instructions for receiving informationassociated with at least one of an abrasive, an absorbent, an alcohol,an analgesic, an anticaking agent, an antifoaming agent, an antioxidant,a binder, an astringent, a buffering agent, a bulking agent, a chelatingagent, a colorant, a corrosion inhibitor, a deodorant, an emolient, anemulsion stabilizer, an exfoliant, a film former, a fragrance, ahumectant, a hydrating agent, a lipid, a lytic agent, a metal, amineral, a moisturizing agent, a nanoparticle, an oil, an opacifyingagent, a pH adjuster, a paraben, a petroleum derivative, a polymer, apreservative, a propellant, a reducing agent, a skin-conditioning agent,a skin protectant, a slip modifier, a solvent, a sunscreen agent, asurface modifier, a surfactant, a suspending agent, a viscositycontrolling agent, a viscosity decreasing agent, a viscosity increasingagent, or a wax in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In anaspect, the one or more instructions include one or more instructionsfor receiving information associated with at least one of one or moreprobiotic agents, one or more prebiotic agents, or one or moretherapeutic agents. In an aspect, the one or more instructions includeone or more instructions for receiving the information associated withthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product from at least one of aportable data storage device, the Internet, or a remote source.

In an aspect, system 2300 further includes a scanning device operablycoupled to the computing device. Non-limiting examples of scanningdevices configured to scan the ingredient label of the cosmetic producthave been described above herein. System 2300 further includes one ormore instructions for scanning and digitizing the ingredient label ofthe cosmetic product, the ingredient label including the ingredient listof the cosmetic product.

Non-transitory machine-readable media 2330 of system 2300 includes oneor more instructions 2360 for comparing the received informationassociated with the microbe profile of the individual and the receivedinformation associated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic productto the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset. In an aspect, the one ormore instructions include one or more instructions for comparing the oneor more types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual withthe one or more types of reference microbes in the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset. In an aspect, the one or more instructions includeone or more instructions for comparing the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product with the oneor more reference cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset.

Non-transitory machine-readable media 2330 of system 2300 includes oneor more instructions 2370 for identifying an interaction between atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient listof the cosmetic product and at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual. In an aspect, the oneor more instructions include one or more instructions for identifyingthe potential effect on the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product in responseto at least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbeprofile of the individual. In an aspect, the one or more instructionsinclude one or more instructions for identifying at least one of apotential color effect, a potential texture effect, a potential pHeffect, or a potential odor effect on the at least one of the one ormore cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic productin response to at least one of the one or more types of microbes in themicrobe profile of the individual.

Non-transitory machine-readable media 2330 of system 2300 includes oneor more instructions 2380 for recommending a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product in response to the identifiedinteraction. In an aspect, the one or more instructions include one ormore instructions for recommending a modification to the ingredient listof the cosmetic product to alleviate the identified interaction. In anaspect, the one or more instructions include one or more instructionsfor recommending a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct to enhance the identified interaction. In an aspect, the one ormore instructions include one or more instructions for recommending anaddition of at least one cosmetic ingredient to the ingredient list ofthe cosmetic product. In an aspect, the one or more instructions includeone or more instructions for recommending a subtraction of at least onecosmetic ingredient from the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. Inan aspect, the one or more instructions include one or more instructionsfor recommending a relative change in concentration of at least onecosmetic ingredient in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.

In an aspect, system 2300 further includes a user interface operablycoupled to computing device 2310. For example, system 2300 can include amonitor and keyboard operably coupled to computing device 2310. Othernon-limiting examples of user interfaces have been describe aboveherein.

In an aspect, non-transitory machine readable media 2330 of system 2300includes one or more instructions for receiving user information fromthe individual. In an aspect, the one or more instructions include oneor more instructions for receiving the user information from theindividual through a user interface operably coupled to computing device2310. In an aspect, the one or more instructions for receiving userinformation from the individual include one or more instructions forreceiving at least one of age, gender, ethnicity, geographical location,skin characteristics, medical history, co-morbidities, or userpreferences from the individual. In an aspect, the one or moreinstructions include one or more instructions for recommending themodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product based atleast in part on user information. In an aspect, the one or moreinstructions include one or more instructions for recommending themodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product based atleast in part on at least one of age, gender, ethnicity, geographicallocation, skin characteristics, medical history, co-morbidities, or userpreference.

Non-transitory machine-readable media 2330 of system 2300 includes oneor more instructions 2390 for reporting to a user the recommendedmodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In anaspect, the one or more instructions include one or more instructionsfor reporting to the user the recommended modification to the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product on a display associated with computingdevice 2310. In an aspect, the one or more instructions include one ormore instructions for reporting to the user the recommended modificationto the ingredient list of the cosmetic product through a printout. In anaspect, the one or more instructions include one or more instructionsfor reporting to the user the recommended modification to the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product through at least one of a telephone call, atext message, or an e-mail. In an aspect, the one or more instructionsinclude one or more instructions for reporting the recommendedmodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to a remotecomputing device.

Non-transitory machine-readable media 2030 of system 2300 includes oneor more instructions for providing to the individual at least onediscount coupon for purchase of a modified cosmetic product includingthe recommended modification to the ingredient list. Non-transitorymachine-readable media 2330 of system 2300 includes one or moreinstructions for arranging for delivery of a modified cosmetic productincluding the recommended modification to the ingredient list.Non-transitory machine-readable media 2330 of system 2300 includes oneor more instructions for notifying the individual of the arrangeddelivery of the modified cosmetic ingredient.

With reference to FIG. 24, shown is a system for modifying a cosmeticproduct. System 2400 includes an ingredient-microbe interaction dataset2410 including information associated with interactions between one ormore reference cosmetic ingredients and one or more types of referencemicrobes; and a computing device 2420. Computing device 2420 includes aprocessor and circuitry 2430. Circuitry 2430 includes circuitry 2440configured to receive information associated with an ingredient list ofthe cosmetic product, the ingredient list including one or more cosmeticingredients; circuitry 2450 configured to receive information associatedwith a microbe profile of an individual, the microbe profile including adistribution of one or more types of microbes on a skin surface of theindividual;

circuitry 2460 configured to compare the received information associatedwith the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and the receivedinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual to theingredient-microbe interaction dataset;

circuitry 2470 configured to identify an interaction between at leastone of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list ofthe cosmetic product and at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual, wherein theinteraction has a potential effect on the at least one of the one ormore types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual;circuitry 2480 configured to recommend a modification to the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product in response to the identified interaction;and circuitry 2490 configured to report to a user the recommendedmodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.

FIG. 25 illustrates further aspects of system 2400. System 2400 includesingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2410. Ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset 2410 includes one or more reference cosmeticingredients 2500. In an aspect, the one or more reference cosmeticingredients 2500 include one or more of an abrasive, an absorbent, analcohol, an analgesic, an anticaking agent, an antifoaming agent, anantioxidant, a binder, an astringent, a buffering agent, a bulkingagent, a chelating agent, a colorant, a corrosion inhibitor, adeodorant, an emolient, an emulsion stabilizer, an exfoliant, a filmformer, a fragrance, a humectant, a hydrating agent, a lipid, a lyticagent, a metal, a mineral, a moisturizing agent, a nanoparticle, an oil,an opacifying agent, a pH adjuster, a paraben, a petroleum derivative, apolymer, a preservative, a propellant, a reducing agent, askin-conditioning agent, a skin protectant, a slip modifier, a solvent,a sunscreen agent, a surface modifier, a surfactant, a suspending agent,a viscosity controlling agent, a viscosity decreasing agent, a viscosityincreasing agent, or a wax, as shown in block 2505. In an aspect, theone or more reference cosmetic ingredients 2500 include at least one ofone or more probiotic agents, one or more prebiotic agents, or one ormore therapeutic agents, as shown in block 2510. In an aspect, the oneor more reference cosmetic ingredients includes one or more agents withproperties to directly modulate a microbe profile by interacting withone or more types of microbes in the microbe profile to modulateproliferation and/or growth. In an aspect, the one or more referencecosmetic ingredients include one or more agents with properties toindirectly modulate a microbe profile by modifying the microbialenvironment.

Ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2410 further includes one or moretypes of reference microbes 2515. In an aspect, the one or more types ofreference microbes 2515 include one or more types of skin-associatedmicrobes 2520. Non-limiting examples of skin-associated, skin-resident,non-pathogenic, and/or pathogenic microbes have been described aboveherein.

Ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2410 includes information 2525associated with the interactions between the one or more referencecosmetic ingredients and the one or more types of reference microbes. Inan aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2410 includesinformation 2530 associated with a potential effect on the one or moretypes of reference microbes in response to the one or more referencecosmetic ingredients. In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interactiondataset 2410 includes information 2535 associated with a potentialgrowth promoting effect on the one or more types of reference microbesin response to the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients. Forexample, the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset can includeinformation associated with cosmetic ingredients that promote the growthof one or more types of microbes. For example, cosmetic ingredients thatraise the pH of a cosmetic product may promote the growth of undesirablemicrobes and loss of normal microbes. See, e.g., Grise et al. (2011) NatRev Microbiol 9:244-253, which is incorporated herein by reference.

In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2410 includesinformation 2540 associated with a potential growth inhibiting effect onthe one or more types of reference microbes in response to the one ormore reference cosmetic ingredients. For example, the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset may include information associated with cosmeticingredients that inhibit the growth of one or more types of microbes.For example, cosmetic ingredients that raise the pH of a cosmeticproduct may inhibit the growth of commensal microbes. For example,certain preservatives commonly used in cosmetic products, e.g.,triclosan and parabens, may inhibit the growth of commensal microbes onthe skin surface and contribute to allergic responses. See, e.g., Savageet al. (2012) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 130:453-460, which isincorporated herein by reference. In an aspect, the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset includes information associated with a potentialstasis effect on the one or more types of reference microbes in responseto the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients. For example, theingredient-microbe interaction dataset can include one or more cosmeticingredients that promote stasis or maintenance of one or more types ofmicrobes. In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset includesinformation associated with a potential cytotoxic effect on the one ormore types of reference microbes in response to the one or morereference cosmetic ingredients. For example, the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset can include information associated with cosmeticingredients that kill one or more types of microbes.

In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2410 includesinformation 2545 associated with a potential biofilm formation effect onthe one or more types of reference microbes in response to the one ormore reference cosmetic ingredients. For example, the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset can include information associated with cosmeticingredients that promote biofilm formation of one or more types ofmicrobes. For example, certain metals, e.g., iron, have been shown topromote bacterial biofilm formation, e.g., biofilm formation ofPseudomonas aeruginosa. See, e.g., Banin et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci., USA 102:11076-11081, which is incorporated herein by reference.

In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2410 isincorporated into a memory component of computing device 2420, as shownin block 2550. In an aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2410is stored on a portable data storage device, as shown in block 2555. Inan aspect, ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2410 is stored one aremote computing device, as shown in block 2560. In an aspect,ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2410 is updatable, as shown inblock 2565.

FIG. 26 shows further aspects of system 2400. System 2400 includescircuitry 2440 configured to receive information associated with aningredient list 2600 of the cosmetic product, the ingredient listincluding one or more cosmetic ingredients. For example, the ingredientlist can include the list of cosmetic ingredients printed on the labelof a cosmetic product. For example, the ingredient list can include adataset of cosmetic ingredients commonly used in cosmetic products. Forexample, the ingredient list can include a dataset that includes any ofa number of GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) ingredients as outlinedunder sections 201(s) and 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and CosmeticAct.

In an aspect, the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product include at least one of the one or morereference cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient-microbe interactiondataset. In an aspect, the ingredient list 2600 of the cosmetic productincludes at least one of an abrasive, an absorbent, an alcohol, ananalgesic, an anticaking agent, an antifoaming agent, an antioxidant, abinder, an astringent, a buffering agent, a bulking agent, a chelatingagent, a colorant, a corrosion inhibitor, a deodorant, an emolient, anemulsion stabilizer, an exfoliant, a film former, a fragrance, ahumectant, a hydrating agent, a lipid, a lytic agent, a metal, amineral, a moisturizing agent, a nanoparticle, an oil, an opacifyingagent, a pH adjuster, a paraben, a petroleum derivative, a polymer, apreservative, a propellant, a reducing agent, a skin-conditioning agent,a skin protectant, a slip modifier, a solvent, a sunscreen agent, asurface modifier, a surfactant, a suspending agent, a viscositycontrolling agent, a viscosity decreasing agent, a viscosity increasingagent, or a wax, as shown in block 2610. In an aspect, the one or morecosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic productinclude at least one of one or more probiotic agents, one or moreprebiotic agents, or one or more therapeutic agents, as shown in block2620. Non-limiting examples of cosmetic ingredients have been describedabove herein.

In an aspect, the ingredient list of the cosmetic product is stored inat least one of a memory component of computing device 2420, a portabledata storage device, or a remoter server, as shown in block 2630. In anaspect, circuitry 2440 includes circuitry 2640 configured to receive theinformation associated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic productfrom a remote computing device. For example, the system can includecircuitry configured to receive the information associated with theingredient list of the cosmetic product from a personal computingdevice, e.g., the individual's smart phone. In an aspect, circuitry 2440includes circuitry 2650 configured to receive the information associatedwith the ingredient list of the cosmetic product from at least one of acosmetic distributer, a cosmetic manufacturer, or a cosmetic formulary.For example, the system can include circuitry configured to receive theinformation associated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic productfrom a cosmetic manufacturer manufacturing the cosmetic product atissue. In an aspect, the remote computing device includes a remoteserver accessible to computing device 2420. For example, the ingredientlist may be stored on a remote computing device associated with acosmetic supplier and accessible to computing device 2420 through aweb-based, e.g., Internet, connection. In an aspect, the ingredient listis stored on a cloud-based server. In an aspect, the remote computingdevice includes a personal computing device, e.g., a home computer, atablet, or smart phone. In an aspect, the ingredient list of thecosmetic product is stored on a portable data storage device. In anaspect, circuitry 2440 includes circuitry 2660 configured to receive theinformation associated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic productfrom a portable data storage device. In an aspect, circuitry 2440includes circuitry 2670 configured to receive the information associatedwith the ingredient list of the cosmetic product from the Internet.

In an aspect, the computing device of the system includes circuitryconfigured to receive the information associated with the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product through a user interface. For example, theindividual or other user may manually enter the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product into thecomputing device using a user interface, e.g., a keyboard, touch pad,microphone, or the like.

In an aspect, the ingredient list of the cosmetic product is enteredinto the computing device by way of scanning the ingredient label of thecosmetic product. FIG. 27 illustrates aspects of system 2400 including ascanning device. In an aspect, system 2400 includes scanning device2700. Scanning device 2700 is operably coupled to computing device 2420and includes circuitry 2710 configured to scan and digitize aningredient label of the cosmetic product, the ingredient label includingthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product. Non-limiting aspects ofscanning devices for use in scanning an ingredient label have beendescribed above herein.

FIG. 28 illustrates further aspects of a system such as shown in FIG.24. In an aspect, system 2400 includes circuitry 2450 configured toreceive information associated with a microbe profile of an individual.In an aspect, circuitry 2450 includes circuitry 2800 configured toreceive the information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual from a microbe profiling device. In an aspect, system 2400includes circuitry configured to receive the information associated witha microbe profiling device that directly detects one or more types ofmicrobes on the skin surface of an individual. For example, the microbeprofiling device can include an optical microbe profiling device thatscans the skin surface with an optical energy source, e.g., lightemitted from a fiber optic, laser, or light emitting diode, and detectssignals emitted or reflected in situ from the microbes on the skinsurface in response to the optical energy source. See, e.g., U.S. Pat.No. 8,280,471, to Rainone et al., and titled “Fiber optic baseddetection of fluorescent bacterial pathogens,” which is incorporatedherein by reference.

In an aspect, system 2400 includes circuitry configured to receive theinformation associated with a microbe profiling device that indirectlydetects one or more types of microbes on the skin surface of anindividual. For example, the microbe profiling device can include amicrobe sampling component for sampling one or more types of microbesfrom a skin surface and a detecting component for detecting the one ormore types of microbes captured with the microbe sampling component. Inan aspect, the microbe profiling device includes a microbe sampling unitincluding a microbe-capture region (e.g., one or more materialsconfigured to selectively or non-selectively capture one or more typesof microbes from a skin surface), at least one sensor component (e.g.,an optical or fluorescence sensor), a user interface (e.g., atouchscreen display), and a computing component including amicroprocessor and circuitry configured to generate a microbe profile.In an aspect, system 2400 includes circuitry configured to receive theinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual from ahand-held microbe profiling device including a device head fordislodging microbes from a skin surface, such as described in U.S.patent application Ser. Nos. 14/091,762, 14/091,793, and 14/091,805,each of which is incorporated herein by reference. In an aspect, system2400 includes circuitry configured to receive the information associatedwith the microbe profile of the individual from a microbe profilingdevice that includes a rotatable microbe sampling unit including amicrobe-capture region, such as described in U.S. patent applicationSer. Nos. 14/091,832, and 14/091,856, each of which is incorporatedherein by reference. Non-limiting aspects of microbe profiling deviceshave been described above herein.

In an aspect, the circuitry 2450 of system 2400 includes circuitry 2810configured to receive the information associated with the microbeprofile of the individual from a microbe profiling system. In an aspect,system 2400 includes circuitry configured to receive the informationassociated with the microbe profile of the individual from a microbeprofiling system that includes at least one of a microbe sampling unitincluding a microbe-capture region, a microbe sampling device, ananalyzer including at least one sensor component to detect one or moresignals emitted or reflected from the microbe sampling unit, and acomputing component including a processor and circuitry configured togenerate a microbe profile based on sensor output from the at least onesensor component. In an aspect, system 2400 includes circuitryconfigured to receive the information associated with the microbeprofile of the individual sampled using at least one of a mask, amouthpiece, a strip, a swab, a brush, a sponge, or a razor. For example,system 2400 can include circuitry configured to receive the informationassociated with the microbe profile of the individual from a microbeprofiling system that includes a mask, e.g., a pre-formed or peelablemask, which substantially conforms to the topography of the skin surfaceof the individual and captures and/or interacts with microbes on theskin surface upon contact. For example, system 2400 can includecircuitry configured to receive the information associated with themicrobe profile of the individual from a microbe profiling system thatincludes a mouthpiece formed from a settable material using a dental orimpression tray. Other non-limiting aspects of microbe profiling systemsfor generating a microbe profile using a mask or a mouthpiece aredescribed in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 13/975,055, 13/975,067,and 13/975,079, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

In an aspect, system 2400 includes circuitry configured to receive theinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual from amicrobe profiling system that includes a kiosk. In an aspect, system2400 includes circuitry configured to receive the information associatedwith the microbe profile of the individual from a microbe profilingsystem that includes a kit. Non-limiting aspects of a kiosk or kit forsampling a skin surface and generating a microbe profile are describedin U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/255,653, which is incorporatedherein by reference.

In an aspect, circuitry of 2450 of system 2400 includes circuitry 2820configured to receive the information associated with the microbeprofile of the individual from a computing component associated with atleast one of a microbe profiling device or a microbe profiling system.In an aspect, system 2400 includes circuitry configured to receive theinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual from acomputing component associated with at least one of a microbe profilingdevice or a microbe profiling system through a wireless communication.The wireless communication means can include any of a number of wirelessimplementations, devices, and standards, non-limiting examples of whichinclude cellular networks, e.g., 3G, short-range point-to-pointcommunication, e.g., wireless USB, wireless sensor networks, e.g.,Bluetooth, or wireless LAN, e.g., Wi-Fi. For example, system 2400 caninclude circuitry configured to receive the information associated withthe microbe profile of an individual via a cellular networkcommunication. In an aspect, system 2400 includes circuitry configuredto receive the information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual from a computing component associated with at least one of amicrobe profiling device or a microbe profiling system through a wiredcommunication, e.g., a cable, phone, or Internet connection, provided bya telephone, cable, or fiber-optic network. In an aspect, system 2400includes circuitry configured to receive the information associated withthe microbe profile from a computing component associated with ahand-held microbe profiling device or an analyzer of a microbe profilingkit. For example, system 2400 can include circuitry configured toreceive the information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual from a hand-held microbe profiling device or a microbeprofiling kit used in a home environment and capable of communicatingthrough a cellular network to a computing device associated with acosmetic supplier and/or manufacturer. For example, system 2400 caninclude circuitry configured to receive the information associated withthe microbe profile of the individual from a kiosk or microbe profilingsystem associated with a medical or commercial space and capable ofcommunicating through a telephone or cable connection with a computingdevice associated with a cosmetic supplier and/or manufacturer.

In an aspect, circuitry 2450 of system 2400 includes circuitry 2830configured to receive the information associated with the microbeprofile of the individual from a portable data storage device. Forexample, the microbe profile of the individual can be generated using amicrobe profiling device or system and the microbe profile downloaded toa portable data storage device and uploaded to computing device 2420.Non-limiting examples of portable data storage devices have beendescribed above herein.

In an aspect, circuitry 2450 of system 2400 includes circuitry 2840configured to receive the information associated with the microbeprofile of the individual from the Internet. In an aspect, the microbeprofile of the individual is downloaded from a microbe profiling device,microbe profiling system, and/or portable data storage device to theInternet, e.g., a specific client website, and then uploaded from theInternet onto computing device 2420. For example, the system can includecircuitry configured to receive the microbe profile of an individualfrom an Internet site to which the individual has downloaded his/hermicrobe profile. For example, the microbe profile may be downloaded toan Internet site as part of a user interaction at a medical orcommercial kiosk.

FIG. 29 illustrates further aspects of system 2400. System 2400 includescircuitry 2460 configured to compare the received information associatedwith the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and the receivedinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual to theingredient-microbe interaction dataset. In an aspect, system 2400includes circuitry 2900 configured to compare the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to the one ormore reference cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset. For example, the system can include circuitryconfigured to compare a cosmetic ingredient, e.g., stearic acid, in theingredient list of the cosmetic product to the one or more referencecosmetic ingredients to determine any interactions of the cosmeticingredient with the one or more types of reference microbes and byextension, the one or more types of microbe in the microbe profile ofthe individual. In an aspect, system 2400 includes circuitry 2910configured to compare the one or more types of microbes in the microbeprofile of the individual to the one or more types of reference microbesin the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset. For example, the systemcan include circuitry configured to compare an identified type ofmicrobe, e.g., Propionibacterium or Staphylococcus, in the microbeprofile of the individual to the one or more types of reference microbesto determine any interactions of the identified type of microbe with theone or more reference cosmetic ingredients and by extension, the one ormore cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct.

System 2400 includes circuitry 2470 configured to identify aninteraction between at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredientsin the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and at least one of theone or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual.In an aspect, system 2400 includes circuitry 2920 configured to identifythe potential effect on the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual in response to the atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient listof the cosmetic product. In an aspect, system 2400 includes circuitry2930 configured to identify a potential growth promoting effect on theat least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profileof the individual in response to the at least one of the one or morecosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. Inan aspect, system 2400 includes circuitry 2940 configured to identify apotential growth inhibiting effect on the at least one of the one ormore types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual inresponse to the at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients inthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In an aspect, the systemincludes circuitry configured to identify a potential stasis effect,e.g., neither inhibiting or promoting growth, on the at least one of theone or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individualin response to the at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredientsin the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In an aspect, the systemincludes circuitry configured to identify a potential cytotoxic effect,e.g., killing effect, on the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual in response to the atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient listof the cosmetic product. In an aspect, system 2400 includes circuitry2950 configured to identify a potential biofilm formation effect on theat least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profileof the individual in response to the at least one of the one or morecosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.

FIG. 30 illustrates further aspects of system 2400. System 2400 includescircuitry 2480 configured to recommend a modification to the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product in response to the identified interaction.In an aspect, system 2400 includes circuitry 3000 configured torecommend a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic productto alleviate the identified interaction. For example, the system caninclude circuitry configured to recommend addition or subtraction of acosmetic ingredient, e.g., a buffering agent, to alleviate an identifiedinteraction between a cosmetic ingredient, e.g., a pH elevating agent,and a type of microbe. In an aspect, system 2400 includes circuitry 3010configured to recommend a modification to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product to enhance the identified interaction. For example, thesystem can include circuitry configured to recommend addition orsubtraction of a cosmetic ingredient to enhance an identifiedinteraction between a cosmetic ingredient and a type of microbe. In anaspect, system 2400 includes circuitry 3020 configured to recommend anaddition of at least one cosmetic ingredient to the ingredient list ofthe cosmetic product. For example, the system can include circuitryconfigured to recommend addition of a cosmetic ingredient to thecosmetic product to alter, e.g., alleviate or enhance, a potentialgrowth promoting effect, a potential growth inhibiting effect, and/or apotential biofilm formation effect on a type of microbe on the skinsurface of the individual in response to one or more cosmeticingredients in the cosmetic product. In an aspect, system 2400 includescircuitry 3030 configured to recommend a subtraction of at least onecosmetic ingredient from the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.For example, the system can include circuitry configured to recommendsubtraction of a cosmetic ingredient from the cosmetic product to alter,e.g., alleviate or enhance, a potential growth promoting effect, apotential growth inhibiting effect, and/or a potential biofilm formationeffect on a type of microbe on the skin surface of the individual inresponse to one or more cosmetic ingredients in the cosmetic product. Inan aspect, system 2400 includes circuitry 3040 configured to recommend arelative change in the concentration of at least one cosmetic ingredientin the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. For example, the systemcan include circuitry configured to recommend a relative change inconcentration of a cosmetic ingredient to the cosmetic product to alter,e.g., alleviate or enhance, a potential growth promoting effect, apotential growth inhibiting effect, and/or a potential biofilm formationeffect on a type of microbe on the skin surface of the individual inresponse to one or more cosmetic ingredients in the cosmetic product.

FIG. 31 illustrates further aspects of system 2400. In an aspect, system2400 includes user interface 3100. User interface 3100 can include anyof a number of input or output components configured to allow a user,e.g., the individual, to enter data, e.g., user information, and toreceive data, e.g., the recommended modifications to the ingredient listof the cosmetic product. Non-limiting examples of user interfaces havebeen described above herein.

In an aspect, system 2400 further includes circuitry 3110 configured toreceive user information from the individual. In an aspect, system 2400includes circuitry configured to receive the user information from theindividual through user interface 3100, e.g., a touchscreen display, akeyboard, or a microphone. In an aspect, system 2400 includes circuitryconfigured to receive the user information from a remote source, e.g., apersonal computing device, an Internet site, or a computing componentassociated with a microbe profiling device, microbe profiling system,microbe profiling kit, or microbe profiling kiosk. In an aspect, system2400 includes circuitry 3120 configured to receive at least one of age,gender, ethnicity, geographical location, skin characteristics, medicalhistory, co-morbidities, or user preferences.

In an aspect, system 2400 includes circuitry 3130 configured torecommend a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic productbased at least in part on user information. In an aspect, system 2400includes circuitry 3140 configured to recommend a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product based at least in part on atleast one of age, gender, ethnicity, geographical location, skincharacteristics, medical history, co-morbidities, or user preferences.For example, the age of a user, e.g., young versus old, may dictate thetypes of microbes present on a given body surface. For example, theethnicity and/or geographical location of the user may dictate the typesof microbes present on a given body surface. For example, a skincharacteristic such as whether the skin surface is sebaceous, moist, ordry may dictate the types of microbes present on said skin surface. Inan aspect, the skin characteristics may dictate which vehicle (cream,gel, lotion, or solution) is appropriate for a skin type.

System 2400 further includes circuitry 2490 configured to report to auser the recommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct. In an aspect, the user includes the individual for whom themicrobe profile was generated. In an aspect, the user includes a secondindividual, e.g., a medical practitioner, a healthcare worker, apharmacist, a cosmetologist, a technician, merchant, a supplier, or amanufacturer. In an aspect, the user includes a computing deviceassociated with a medical or commercial entity, e.g., a supplier ormanufacturer of cosmetic goods. In an aspect, the user includes at leastone of a website, a social media site, or a personal computinginstrument, e.g., a smart phone. In an aspect, the user includes acomputing device associated with a formulation or filling device, theformulation or filling device configured to modify the cosmetic productby adding and/or subtracting one or more ingredients from a cosmeticproduct based on the recommended modification to the ingredient list.

In an aspect, system 2400 includes circuitry 3150 configured to reportto the user the recommended modification to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product on a display associated with a computing device, e.g.,computing device 2420. For example, the individual may interact with acomputing device associated with a kiosk in a commercial center, thekiosk including a display for outputting information including therecommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.In an aspect, system 2400 includes circuitry 3160 configured to reportto the user the recommended modification to the ingredient list of theone cosmetic product through a printout. For example, the individual orother user may receive a printout including the recommended modificationto the ingredient list of the cosmetic product from a printer operablycoupled to a computing device, e.g., computing device 2420. In anaspect, system 2400 includes circuitry 3170 configured to report to theuser the recommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct through at least one of a telephone call, a text message, or ane-mail. For example, an individual may receive an automated phone, text,or e-mail message in which the recommended modification to theingredient list is provided to the individual. In an aspect, system 2400includes circuitry 3180 configured to report the recommendedmodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to a remotecomputing device. In an aspect, the remote computing device can includean individual's personal computing device, e.g., a smart phone ortablet. In an aspect, the remote computing device can include acomputing device associated with a supplier and/or manufacturer ofcosmetics products. For example, the system can include circuitryconfigured to report the recommended modification to the ingredient listof the cosmetic product to a remote computing device operably coupled toa formulating and/or filling apparatus. For example, the system caninclude circuitry configured to generate the recommended modification tothe ingredient list of the cosmetic product based on an individual'smicrobe profile using a computing device at a medical practice orcosmetic counter and circuitry configured to report the recommendedmodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to a secondcomputing device associated with a cosmetic supplier and/ormanufacturer.

In an aspect, system 2400 further includes circuitry 3185 configured toprovide to an individual at least one discount coupon for purchase of amodified cosmetic product including the recommended modification to theingredient list. In an aspect, circuitry 3185 is configured to provide aprinted discount coupon to the individual. In an aspect, circuitry 3185is configured to provide the discount coupon electronically to theindividual's smart phone or to a computing device. In an aspect,circuitry 3185 is configured to provide the discount coupon as adiscount code for use in making a purchase through the Internet or otherweb-based system.

In an aspect, system 2400 further includes circuitry 3190 configured toarrange for delivery of a modified cosmetic product including therecommended modification to the ingredient list. For example, thecircuitry can be configured to arrange for delivery of a modifiedcosmetic product including the recommended modification to theingredient list by way of the Postal Service, a shipping service, e.g.,FedEx or UPS, or a courier. In an aspect, the system includes circuitryconfigured to automatically arrange for delivery of the modifiedcosmetic product. For example, the circuitry can be configured toautomatically arrange for delivery of the modified cosmetic product bytransmitting a request to a cosmetic supplier and/or manufacturer toreformulate the cosmetic product, label the modified cosmetic productfor shipment, and load the modified cosmetic product for delivery. In anaspect, the system includes circuitry configured to arrange for thedelivery of the modified cosmetic product to a street address, e.g., astreet address of at least one of the individual's residence orworkplace or a street address of at least one of a medical practice,pharmacy, or retail store for pick up by the individual. In an aspect,the system includes circuitry configured to arrange for delivery of themodified cosmetic product to a postal address, e.g., a post office box.In an aspect, the system includes circuitry configured to arrange fordelivery of the modified cosmetic product to a residence, a post office,a delivery service office, a store, a pharmacy, a medical office, or acosmetic counter. In an aspect, the system further includes circuitryconfigured to notify the individual by at least one of an electroniccommunication, a telephonic communication, or a written communicationthat delivery of the modified cosmetic product has been arranged.

FIG. 32 illustrates further aspects of system 2400. In an aspect, system2400 includes ingredient-microbe interaction dataset 2410, computingdevice 2420, circuitry 2430, and at least one reference microbe profile3200. In an aspect, circuitry 2430 further includes circuitry 3240configured to compare the at least one reference microbe profile to thereceived information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual; and recommend a modification to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product in response to the comparison.

In an aspect, at least one reference microbe profile 3200 includes atleast one historical microbe profile of the individual 3210. In anaspect, the at least one historical microbe profile of the individualincludes at least one microbe profile generated at a previous point intime, e.g., at a younger age. In an aspect, the at least one historicalmicrobe profile of the individual can include at least one microbeprofile generated one or more days, one or more weeks, and/or one ormore years previous to a current point in time. In an aspect, the atleast one historical microbe profile of the individual can include atleast one microbe profile generated at a point in time before onset of acondition and/or before onset of a treatment.

In an aspect, at least one reference microbe profile 3200 includes atleast one microbe profile from one or more other individuals 3220. Forexample, the at least one microbe profile from one or more otherindividuals can include a microbe profile averaged or normalized from anumber of individuals matched to the individual, e.g., matched in age,gender, ethnicity, geographical location, medical condition, orco-morbidities. In an aspect, the at least one microbe profile from oneor more other individuals can include a microbe profile averaged ornormalized from one or more idealized individuals based on the user'spreferences of the individual. For example, the at least one referencemicrobe profile can include a microbe profile of one or more individualsof an age, gender, ethnicity, geographical location, skincharacteristics, medical history, or co-morbidities that the individualwishes to emulate. For example, the at least one microbe profile fromone or more other individuals can include a microbe profile of anadmired individual, e.g., a celebrity.

In an aspect, at least one reference microbe profile 3200 includes atleast one theoretical microbe profile 3230. In an aspect, the at leastone theoretical microbe profile includes a microbe profile compiled froma number of microbe profiles to form a standardized microbe profile. Inan aspect, the at least one theoretical microbe profile includes anoptimized or ideal microbe profile, e.g., a microbe profile including agenerally recognized balance of beneficial commensal microbes. In anaspect, the at least one theoretical microbe profile includes a marginalor bad microbe profile. For example, the theoretical microbe profilemight include a disease- or condition-associated microbe profile, e.g.,acne, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, diabetes, or other disease orcondition.

In an aspect, at least one reference microbe profile 3200 isincorporated into a memory component of computing device 2420. In anaspect, at least one reference microbe profile 3200 is accessible tocomputing device 2420 from a portable data storage device. For example,the at least one reference microbe profile can be stored on a portabledata storage device, e.g., a CD-ROM or a memory stick or card, andaccessed by the computing device of the system to compare with themicrobe profile of the individual. In an aspect, at least one referencemicrobe profile is accessible to computing device 2420 from a remotecomputing device. For example, the at least one reference microbeprofile can be stored on a cloud-based server and accessible through aweb-connection, e.g., the Internet, by the computing device of thesystem.

In an aspect, at least one reference microbe profile 3200 is updatable.In an aspect, the at least one reference microbe profile is updatedevery time a new microbe profile is generated for the individual. Forexample, each newly generated microbe profile of the individual canbecome part of a collective historical microbe profile of theindividual. In an aspect, the at least one reference microbe profile isupdated in response to changes in standards or norms. In an aspect, theat least one reference microbe profile is updated in response to changesin user information. For example, the at least one reference microbeprofile used for comparison with the microbe profile of the individualcan be matched to changes in the individual's user information, e.g.,changes in age, geographical location, skin characteristics, medicalhistory, co-morbidities, or user preferences.

In an aspect, system 2400 includes circuitry configured to compare theat least one reference microbe profile to the received informationassociated with the microbe profile of the individual. In an aspect, thesystem includes an algorithm or alignment software for notingsimilarities and differences between the microbe profile of theindividual and the at least one reference microbe profile. In an aspect,the system includes circuitry configured to compare the microbe profileof the individual with at least one historical microbe profile of theindividual. For example, the system can include circuitry configured tocompare the microbe profile of the individual with at least one microbeprofile of the individual generated at an earlier point in time, e.g.,before the use of the cosmetic product. In an aspect, the systemincludes configured to compare the microbe profile of the individualwith at least one microbe profile of one or more other individuals. Forexample, the system can include circuitry configured to compare themicrobe profile of the individual with at least one microbe profile ofone or more other individuals who have used the cosmetic product. Forexample, the system can include circuitry configured to compare themicrobe profile of the individual with at least one microbe profile ofone or more other matched individuals, e.g., matched based on age,gender, ethnicity, geographical location, skin characteristics, medicalhistory, or co-morbidities. For example, the system can includecircuitry configured to compare the microbe profile of the individualwith a microbe profile of a celebrity or other individual admired by theindividual. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry configured tocompare the microbe profile of the individual with at least onetheoretical microbe profile. For example, the system can includecircuitry configured to compare the microbe profile of the individualwith at least one theoretical microbe profile created for the cosmeticproduct.

With reference to FIG. 33, shown is a flowchart of a method formodifying a cosmetic product. The method includes receiving informationassociated with an ingredient list of the cosmetic product, theingredient list of the cosmetic product including one or more cosmeticingredients, as shown in block 3300; receiving information associatedwith a microbe profile of an individual, the microbe profile including adistribution of one or more types of microbes on a skin surface of anindividual, as shown in block 3310; comparing the received informationassociated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and thereceived information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual to an ingredient-microbe interaction dataset, theingredient-microbe interaction dataset including information associatedwith interactions between one or more reference cosmetic ingredients andone or more types of reference microbes, as shown in block 3320;identifying an interaction between at least one of the one or morecosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product andat least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profileof the individual, wherein the interaction has a potential effect on theat least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profileof the individual, as shown in block 3330; recommending a modificationto the ingredient list of the cosmetic in response to the identifiedinteraction, as shown in block 3340; and reporting to the user therecommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product,as shown in block 3350.

In an aspect, a method of modifying a cosmetic product, such asdescribed in FIG. 33, is implemented on a computing device. In anaspect, the method is implemented on a home computing device. In anaspect, the method is implemented on a computing device associated witha medical practice or a commercial site, e.g., a cosmetic counter. In anaspect, the method is implemented on a computing device associated witha cosmetic supplier, a cosmetic distributer, and/or a cosmeticmanufacturer. In an aspect, the method is implemented on computingdevice associated with a microbe profiling device. In an aspect, themethod is implemented on a computing device associated with a microbeprofiling system. In an aspect, the method is implemented on a computingdevice associated with a kiosk, e.g., a cosmetic dispensing kioskassociated with a medical practice or a commercial site.

FIG. 34 shows further aspects of a method such as shown in FIG. 33. Themethod includes receiving information associated with an ingredient listof the cosmetic product. In an aspect, the method includes receivinginformation associated with the one or more cosmetic ingredients in theingredient list of the cosmetic product in block 3400. In an aspect, themethod includes receiving information associated with at least one of anabrasive, an absorbent, an alcohol, an analgesic, an anticaking agent,an antifoaming agent, an antioxidant, a binder, an astringent, abuffering agent, a bulking agent, a chelating agent, a colorant, acorrosion inhibitor, a deodorant, an emolient, an emulsion stabilizer,an exfoliant, a film former, a fragrance, a humectant, a hydratingagent, a lipid, a lytic agent, a metal, a mineral, a moisturizing agent,a nanoparticle, an oil, an opacifying agent, a pH adjuster, a paraben, apetroleum derivative, a polymer, a preservative, a propellant, areducing agent, a skin-conditioning agent, a skin protectant, a slipmodifier, a solvent, a sunscreen agent, a surface modifier, asurfactant, a suspending agent, a viscosity controlling agent, aviscosity decreasing agent, a viscosity increasing agent, or a wax inthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product, as shown in block 3410. Inan aspect, the method includes receiving information associated with atleast one of one or more probiotic agents, one or more prebioticsagents, or one or more therapeutic agents in the ingredient list of thecosmetic product, as shown in block 3420. In an aspect, the methodincludes receiving the information associated with the ingredient listof the cosmetic product from a remote source, as shown in block 3430. Inan aspect, the method includes receiving the information associated withthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product from a cosmetic distributer,a cosmetic manufacturer, or a cosmetic formulary, as shown in block3440. In an aspect, the method includes receiving the informationassociated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic product from aportable data storage device, as shown in block 3450. In an aspect, themethod includes receiving the information associated with the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product from a scanning device, as shown in block3460.

FIG. 35 illustrates further aspects of a method such as shown in FIG.33. The method includes receiving information associated with a microbeprofile of an individual, the microbe profile including a distributionof one or more types of microbes on a skin surface of the individual, asshown in block 3310. Non-limiting aspects of microbe profiles have beendescribed above herein. In an aspect, the method includes receiving theinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual from amicrobe profiling device, as shown in block 3500. For example, themethod can include receiving the information associated with the microbeprofile of the individual from a hand-held microbe profiling devicethrough a wireless communication. In an aspect, the method includesreceiving the information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual from a microbe profiling system, as shown in block 3510. Forexample, the method can include receiving the information associatedwith the microbe profile of the individual from a microbe profilingkiosk located in a shopping mall or a cosmetic store. Non-limitingaspects of microbe profiling devices and systems have been describedabove herein.

In an aspect, the method includes receiving the information associatedwith the microbe profile of the individual from a computing componentassociated with at least one of a microbe profiling device or a microbeprofiling system, as shown in block 3520. In an aspect, the methodincludes receiving the information associated with the microbe profileof the individual from a computing component associated with at leastone of a microbe profiling device or a microbe profiling system througha wireless communication, e.g., a cellular network communication. In anaspect, the method includes receiving the information associated withthe microbe profile of the individual from a computing componentassociated with at least one of a microbe profiling device or a microbeprofiling system through a wired communication, e.g., fiber-opticnetwork. In an aspect, the method includes receiving the informationassociated with the microbe profile from a computing componentassociated with a hand-held microbe profiling device or an analyzer of amicrobe profiling kit. For example, the method can include receiving theinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual from ahand-held microbe profiling device or a microbe profiling kit used in ahome environment and capable of communicating through a cellular networkto a computing device associated with a cosmetic supplier and/ormanufacturer. For example, the method can include receiving theinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individual from akiosk or microbe profiling system associated with a medical orcommercial space and capable of communicating through a telephone orcable connection with a computing device associated with a cosmeticsupplier and/or manufacturer.

In an aspect, the method includes receiving the information associatedwith a microbe profile of the individual from a portable data storagedevice, as shown in block 3530. For example, the microbe profile of theindividual can be generated using a microbe profiling device or system,downloaded to a portable data storage device, and uploaded to acomputing device, e.g., a computing device for performing the method.Non-limiting examples of portable data storage devices have beendescribe above herein.

In an aspect, the method includes receiving the information associatedwith the microbe profile of the individual from the Internet, as shownin block 3540. In an aspect, the microbe profile of the individual isdownloaded from a microbe profiling device, microbe profiling system,and/or portable data storage device to the Internet, e.g., a specificclient website, and then uploaded from the Internet onto a computingdevice for performing the method. For example, the method can includereceiving the microbe profile of an individual from an Internet site towhich the individual downloaded his/her microbe profile. For example,the microbe profile may be downloaded to an Internet site as part of auser interaction at a medical or commercial kiosk, or through ananalyzer as part of an at-home profiling kit.

The method of FIG. 33 includes comparing the received informationassociated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and thereceived information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual to the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset, theingredient-microbe interaction dataset including information associatedwith interactions between one or more reference cosmetic ingredients andone or more types of reference microbes, as shown in block 3320. In anaspect, the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset is stored in a memorycomponent of a computing device used for performing the method. In anaspect, the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset is accessed from aremote computing device or remote server through a web or Internetconnection. In an aspect, the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset isstored on a portable data storage device, e.g., a CD ROM or a memorycard or stick.

FIG. 36 illustrates further aspects of a method such as shown in FIG.33. In an aspect, the method includes comparing the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product with the oneor more reference cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset, as shown in block 3600. For example, the methodincludes comparing a cosmetic ingredient, e.g., stearic acid, in theingredient list of the cosmetic product to the one or more referencecosmetic ingredients to determine any interactions of the cosmeticingredient with one more types of reference microbes. In an aspect, themethod includes comparing the one or more types of microbes in themicrobe profile of the individual to the one or more types of referencemicrobes in the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset, as shown inblock 3610. For example, the method includes comparing an identifiedtype of microbe, e.g., Staphylococcus epidermidis, and comparing it withthe reference microbes to determine any interactions of the identifiedtype of microbe with the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients.

The method further includes identifying an interaction between at leastone of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list ofthe cosmetic product and at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual, wherein theinteraction has a potential effect on the at least one of the one ormore types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual. Forexample, the method can include identifying an interaction between acosmetic ingredient in a cosmetic product with a type of microbe in themicrobe profile of the individual from the comparison of the microbeprofile and the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to theingredient-microbe interaction dataset, the interaction having apotential effect on the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual. In an aspect, themethod includes identifying the potential effect on the at least one ofthe one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of theindividual in response to at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product, as shown inblock 3620. In an aspect, the method includes identifying a potentialgrowth promoting effect on the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual in response to atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient listof the cosmetic product, as shown in block 3630. In an aspect, themethod includes identifying a potential growth inhibiting effect on theat least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profileof the individual in response to at least one of the one or morecosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product, asshown in block 3640. In an aspect, the method includes identifying apotential stasis effect on the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual in response to atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient listof the cosmetic product. In an aspect, the method includes identifying apotential cytotoxic effect on the at least one of the one or more typesof microbes in the microbe profile of the individual in response to atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient listof the cosmetic product. In an aspect, the method includes identifying apotential biofilm formation effect on the at least one of the one ormore types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual inresponse to at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in theingredient list of the cosmetic product, as shown in block 3650.

The method further includes recommending a modification to an ingredientlist of the cosmetic product in response to the identified interaction.FIG. 37 illustrates further aspects of a method such as shown in FIG.33. In an aspect, the method includes recommending a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviate the identifiedinteraction, as shown in block 3700. In an aspect, the method includesrecommending a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct to lessen the identified interaction. In an aspect, the methodincludes recommending a modification to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product to eliminate the identified interaction. In an aspect,the method includes recommending a modification to the ingredient listof the cosmetic product to alleviate the potential effect on the atleast one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile ofthe individual in response to the at least one of the one or morecosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. Inan aspect, the method includes recommending a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviate at least one of apotential growth promoting effect, a potential growth inhibiting effect,a potential stasis effect, a potential cytotoxic effect, or a potentialbiofilm formation effect on the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual in response to the atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient listof the cosmetic product.

In an aspect, the method includes recommending a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product to enhance the identifiedinteraction, as shown in block 3710. In an aspect, the method includesrecommending a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct to enhance the potential effect on the at least one of the oneor more types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual inresponse to the at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients inthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In an aspect, the methodincludes recommending a modification to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product to enhance at least one of a potential growth promotingeffect, a potential growth inhibiting effect, a potential stasis effect,a potential cytotoxic effect, or a potential biofilm formation effect onthe at least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbeprofile of the individual in response to the at least one of the one ormore cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct.

In an aspect, the method includes recommending an addition of at leastone cosmetic ingredient to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product,as shown in block 3720. In an aspect, the method includes recommendingan addition of at least one cosmetic ingredient to the ingredient listof the cosmetic product to alleviate or enhance the potential effect onthe at least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbeprofile of the individual in response to at least one of the one or morecosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. Inan aspect, the method includes recommending an addition of at least onecosmetic ingredient to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product toalleviate or enhance at least one of a potential growth promotingeffect, a potential growth inhibiting effect, a potential stasis effect,a potential cytotoxic effect, or a potential biofilm formation effect onthe at least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbeprofile of the individual in response to the at least one of the one ormore cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct.

In an aspect, the method includes recommending a subtraction of at leastone cosmetic ingredient from the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct, as shown in block 3730. In an aspect, the method includesrecommending a subtraction of at least one cosmetic ingredient from theingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviate or enhance thepotential effect on the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual in response to atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient listof the cosmetic product. In an aspect, the method includes recommendinga subtraction of at least one cosmetic ingredient from the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product to alleviate or enhance at least one apotential growth promoting effect, a potential growth inhibiting effect,a potential stasis effect, a potential cytotoxic effect, or a potentialbiofilm formation effect on the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual in response to the atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient listof the cosmetic product.

In an aspect, the method includes recommending a relative change inconcentration of at least one cosmetic ingredient in the ingredient listof the cosmetic product, as shown in block 3740. In an aspect, themethod includes recommending a relative change in concentration of atleast one cosmetic ingredient in the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct to alleviate or enhance the potential effect on the at least oneof the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of theindividual in response to at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In anaspect, the method includes recommending a relative change inconcentration of at least one cosmetic ingredient in the ingredient listof the cosmetic product to alleviate or enhance at least one of apotential growth promoting effect, a potential growth inhibiting effect,a potential stasis effect, a potential cytotoxic effect, or a potentialbiofilm formation effect on the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual in response to the atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient listof the cosmetic product.

FIG. 38 illustrates further aspects of a method such as shown in FIG.33. In an aspect, the method of FIG. 33 further includes receiving userinformation from the individual, as shown in block 3800. In an aspect,the method includes receiving the user information from the individualthrough a user interface, e.g., a touchscreen display, a keyboard, or amicrophone. In an aspect, the method includes receiving the userinformation from a remote source, e.g., a personal computing device, anInternet site, or a computing component associated with a microbeprofiling device, microbe profiling system, microbe profiling kit, ormicrobe profiling kiosk. In an aspect, the method includes receiving atleast one of age, gender, ethnicity, geographical location, skincharacteristics, medical history, co-morbidities, or user preferences,as shown in block 3810.

In an aspect, the method further includes recommending a modification tothe ingredient list of the cosmetic product based at least in part onuser information, as shown in block 3820. In an aspect, the methodincludes recommending a modification to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product based at least in part on at least one of age, gender,ethnicity, geographical location, skin characteristics, medical history,co-morbidities, or user preferences, as shown in block 3830. Forexample, the method can include recommending a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product based at least in part on theage of the individual in addition to the identified interaction betweena cosmetic ingredient and a type of microbe in the microbe profile ofthe individual.

The method of FIG. 33 further includes reporting to a user therecommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.In an aspect, the user can include the individual, another individual,or a computing device. In an aspect, the method includes reporting tothe user the recommended modification to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product on a display associated with a computing device, asshown in block 3840. In an aspect, the method includes reporting to theuser the recommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct through a printout, as shown in block 3850. In an aspect, themethod includes reporting to the user the recommended modification tothe ingredient list of the cosmetic product through at least one of atelephone call, a text message, or an e-mail, as shown in block 3860. Inan aspect, the method includes reporting the recommended modification tothe ingredient list of the cosmetic product to a computing device, asshown in block 3870.

In an aspect, the method of FIG. 33 further includes providing to theindividual at least one discount coupon for purchase of the modifiedcosmetic product including the recommended modification to theingredient list, as shown in block 3880. In an aspect, the methodincludes providing to the individual at least one printed discountcoupon. In an aspect, the method includes providing at least onediscount coupon electronically to the individual's smart phone or to acomputing device. In an aspect, the method includes providing thediscount coupon as a discount code for use in making a purchase throughthe Internet or other web-based system.

In an aspect, the method of FIG. 33 further includes arranging fordelivery of a modified cosmetic product including the recommendedmodification to the ingredient list, as shown in block 3890. Forexample, the method includes arranging for delivery of a modifiedcosmetic product by way of the Postal Service, a shipping service, e.g.,FedEx or UPS, or a courier. In an aspect, the method includesautomatically arranging for delivery of the modified cosmetic product.In an aspect, the method includes arranging for the delivery of themodified cosmetic product to a street address. In an aspect, the methodincludes arranging for the delivery of the modified cosmetic product toa postal address, e.g., a post office box. In an aspect, the methodincludes arranging for the delivery of the modified cosmetic product toa residence, a post office, a delivery service office, a store, apharmacy, a medical office, or a cosmetic counter. In an aspect, themethod further includes notifying the individual through at least one ofan electronic communication, a telephonic communication, or a writtencommunication that delivery of the modified cosmetic product has beenarranged.

FIG. 39 illustrates a system for modifying a cosmetic product. System3900 includes circuitry 3910. Circuitry 3910 includes circuitry 3920 forreceiving information associated with an ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct, the ingredient list of the cosmetic product including one ormore cosmetic ingredients; circuitry 3930 for receiving informationassociated with a microbe profile of an individual, the microbe profileincluding a distribution of one or more types of microbes on a skinsurface of the individual; circuitry 3940 for comparing the receivedinformation associated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic productand the received information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual to an ingredient-microbe interaction dataset, theingredient-microbe interaction dataset including information associatedwith interactions between one or more reference cosmetic ingredients andone or more types of reference microbes; circuitry 3950 for identifyingan interaction between at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and at leastone of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of theindividual, wherein the interaction has a potential effect on the atleast one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile ofthe individual; circuitry 3960 for recommending a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic in response to the identifiedinteraction; and circuitry 3970 for reporting to the user therecommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.

FIG. 40 illustrates further aspects of system 3900. In an aspect, system3900 includes computing device 4000. Non-limiting aspects of computingdevices have been described above herein. In an aspect, computing device4000 is a personal computing device. In an aspect, computing device 4000is associated with a medical practice or a commercial site, e.g., acosmetic counter. In an aspect, computing device 4000 is associated witha cosmetic supplier, a cosmetic distributer, and/or a cosmeticmanufacturer. In an aspect, computing device 4000 is associated with amicrobe profiling device. In an aspect, computing device 4000 isassociated with a microbe profiling system. In an aspect, computingdevice 4000 is associated with a kiosk, e.g., a cosmetic dispensingkiosk associated with a medical practice or a commercial site. In anaspect, computing device 4000 includes circuitry 3910 includingcircuitry 3920 for receiving information associated with an ingredientlist of the cosmetic product, the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct including one or more cosmetic ingredients; circuitry 3930 forreceiving information associated with a microbe profile of anindividual, the microbe profile including a distribution of one or moretypes of microbes on a skin surface of an individual; circuitry 3940 forcomparing the received information associated with the ingredient listof the cosmetic product and the received information associated with themicrobe profile of the individual to an ingredient-microbe interactiondataset, the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset includinginformation associated with interactions between one or more referencecosmetic ingredients and one or more types of reference microbes;circuitry 3950 for identifying an interaction between at least one ofthe one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of thecosmetic product and at least one of the one or more types of microbesin the microbe profile of the individual, wherein the interaction has apotential effect on the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual; circuitry 3960 forrecommending a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic inresponse to the identified interaction; and circuitry 3970 for reportingto the user the recommended modification to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product.

FIG. 41 illustrates further aspects of system 3900. System 3900 includescircuitry 3920 for receiving information associated with an ingredientlist of the cosmetic product. In an aspect, system 3900 includescircuitry 4100 for receiving information associated with the one or morecosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. Inan aspect, system 3900 includes circuitry 4110 for receiving informationassociated with at least one of an abrasive, an absorbent, an alcohol,an analgesic, an anticaking agent, an antifoaming agent, an antioxidant,a binder, an astringent, a buffering agent, a bulking agent, a chelatingagent, a colorant, a corrosion inhibitor, a deodorant, an emolient, anemulsion stabilizer, an exfoliant, a film former, a fragrance, ahumectant, a hydrating agent, a lipid, a lytic agent, a metal, amineral, a moisturizing agent, a nanoparticle, an oil, an opacifyingagent, a pH adjuster, a paraben, a petroleum derivative, a polymer, apreservative, a propellant, a reducing agent, a skin-conditioning agent,a skin protectant, a slip modifier, a solvent, a sunscreen agent, asurface modifier, a surfactant, a suspending agent, a viscositycontrolling agent, a viscosity decreasing agent, a viscosity increasingagent, or a wax in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In anaspect, system 3900 includes circuitry 4120 for receiving informationassociated with at least one of one or more probiotic agents, one ormore prebiotics agents, or one or more therapeutic agents in theingredient list of the cosmetic product. In an aspect, system 3900includes circuitry 4130 for receiving the information associated withthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product from a remote source. In anaspect, system 3900 includes circuitry 4140 for receiving theinformation associated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic productfrom a cosmetic distributer, a cosmetic manufacturer, or a cosmeticformulary. In an aspect, system 3900 includes circuitry 4150 forreceiving the information associated with the ingredient list of thecosmetic product from a portable data storage device. In an aspect,system 3900 includes circuitry 4160 for receiving the informationassociated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic product from ascanning device.

FIG. 42 illustrates further aspects system 3900. In an aspect, system3900 includes circuitry 4200 for receiving the information associatedwith the microbe profile of the individual from a microbe profilingdevice. In an aspect, system 3900 includes circuitry 4210 for receivingthe information associated with the microbe profile of the individualfrom a microbe profiling system. In an aspect, system 3900 includescircuitry 4220 for receiving the information associated with the microbeprofile of the individual from a computing component associated with atleast one of a microbe profiling device or a microbe profiling system.Non-limiting aspects of microbe profiling devices and systems have beendescribed above herein. In an aspect, system 3900 includes circuitry4230 for receiving the information associated with a microbe profile ofthe individual from a portable data storage device. Non-limitingexamples of portable data storage devices have been describe aboveherein. In an aspect, system 3900 includes circuitry 4240 for receivingthe information associated with the microbe profile of the individualfrom at least one of a remote computing device, a remote server, or theInternet.

FIG. 43 illustrates further aspects system 3900. System 3900 includescircuitry 3940 for comparing the received information associated withthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product and the received informationassociated with the microbe profile of the individual to theingredient-microbe interaction dataset, the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset including information associated with interactionsbetween one or more reference cosmetic ingredients and one or more typesof reference microbes. In an aspect, system 3900 includes circuitry 4300for comparing the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product with the one or more reference cosmeticingredients in the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset. In an aspect,system 3900 includes circuitry 4310 for comparing the one or more typesof microbes in the microbe profile of the individual to the one or moretypes of reference microbes in the ingredient-microbe interactiondataset.

System 3900 further includes circuitry 3950 for identifying aninteraction between at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredientsin the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and at least one of theone or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual,wherein the interaction has a potential effect on the at least one ofthe one or more cosmetic ingredients. In an aspect, system 3900 includescircuitry 4320 for identifying the potential effect on the at least oneof the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of theindividual in response to at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In anaspect, system 3900 includes circuitry 4330 for identifying a potentialgrowth promoting effect on the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual in response to atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient listof the cosmetic product. In an aspect, system 3900 includes circuitry4340 for identifying a potential growth inhibiting effect on the atleast one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile ofthe individual in response to at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In anaspect, system 3900 includes circuitry 4350 for identifying a potentialbiofilm formation effect on the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual in response to atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient listof the cosmetic product.

System 3900 includes circuitry 3960 for recommending a modification toan ingredient list of the cosmetic product in response to the identifiedinteraction. FIG. 44 illustrates further aspects system 3900. In anaspect, system 3900 includes circuitry 4400 for recommending amodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviatethe identified interaction. In an aspect, the system includes circuitryfor recommending a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct to lessen the identified interaction. In an aspect, the systemincludes circuitry for recommending a modification to the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product to eliminate the identified interaction. Inan aspect, the system includes circuitry for recommending a modificationto the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviate thepotential effect on the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual in response to the atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients. In an aspect, thesystem includes circuitry for recommending a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviate at least one of apotential growth promoting effect, a potential growth inhibiting effect,a potential stasis effect, a potential cytotoxic effect, or a potentialbiofilm formation effect on the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual in response to the atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients.

In an aspect, system 3900 includes circuitry 4410 for recommending amodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to enhancethe identified interaction. In an aspect, the system includes circuitryfor recommending a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct to enhance the potential effect on the at least one of the oneor more types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual inresponse to the at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients. Inan aspect, the system includes circuitry for recommending a modificationto the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to enhance at least oneof a potential growth promoting effect, a potential growth inhibitingeffect, a potential stasis effect, a potential cytotoxic effect, or apotential biofilm formation effect on the at least one of the one ormore types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual inresponse to the at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients.

In an aspect, system 3900 includes circuitry 4420 for recommending anaddition of at least one cosmetic ingredient to the ingredient list ofthe cosmetic product. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry forrecommending an addition of at least one cosmetic ingredient to theingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviate or enhance thepotential effect on the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual in response to atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients. In an aspect, thesystem includes circuitry for recommending an addition of at least onecosmetic ingredient to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product toalleviate or enhance at least one of a potential growth promotingeffect, a potential growth inhibiting effect, a potential stasis effect,a potential cytotoxic effect, or a potential biofilm formation effect onthe at least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbeprofile of the individual in response to the at least one of the one ormore cosmetic ingredients.

In an aspect, system 3900 includes circuitry 4430 for recommending asubtraction of at least one cosmetic ingredient from the ingredient listof the cosmetic product. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry forrecommending a subtraction of at least one cosmetic ingredient from theingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviate or enhance thepotential effect on the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual in response to atleast one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients. In an aspect, thesystem includes circuitry for recommending a subtraction of at least onecosmetic ingredient from the ingredient list of the cosmetic product toalleviate or enhance at least one of a potential growth promotingeffect, a potential growth inhibiting effect, a potential stasis effect,a potential cytotoxic effect, or a potential biofilm formation effect onthe at least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbeprofile of the individual in response to the at least one of the one ormore cosmetic ingredients.

In an aspect, system 3900 includes circuitry 4440 for recommending arelative change in concentration of at least one cosmetic ingredient inthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product. In an aspect, the systemincludes circuitry for recommending a relative change in concentrationof at least one cosmetic ingredient in the ingredient list of thecosmetic product to alleviate or enhance the potential effect on the atleast one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile ofthe individual in response to at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry forrecommending a relative change in concentration of at least one cosmeticingredient in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to alleviateor enhance at least one of a potential growth promoting effect, apotential growth inhibiting effect, a potential stasis effect, apotential cytotoxic effect, or a potential biofilm formation effect onthe at least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbeprofile of the individual in response to the at least one of the one ormore cosmetic ingredients.

FIG. 45 illustrates further aspects of system 3900. In an aspect, system3900 includes circuitry 4500 for receiving user information from theindividual. In an aspect, system 3900 includes circuitry 4510 forreceiving at least one of age, gender, ethnicity, geographical location,skin characteristics, medical history, co-morbidities, or userpreferences. In an aspect, system 3900 includes circuitry 4520 forrecommending a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct based at least in part on user information. In an aspect, system3900 includes circuitry 4530 for recommending a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product based at least in part on atleast one of age, gender, ethnicity, geographical location, skincharacteristics, medical history, co-morbidities, or user preferences.

System 3900 includes circuitry 3970 for reporting to a user therecommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.In an aspect, system 3900 includes circuitry 4540 for reporting to theuser the recommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct on a display associated with a computing device. In an aspect,system 3900 includes circuitry 4550 for reporting to the user therecommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic productthrough a printout. In an aspect, system 3900 includes circuitry 4560for reporting to the user the recommended modification to the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product through at least one of a telephone call, atext message, or an e-mail. In an aspect, system 3900 includes circuitry4570 for reporting the recommended modification to the ingredient listof the cosmetic product to a computing device.

In an aspect, system 3900 further includes circuitry 4580 for providingto the individual at least one discount coupon for purchase of themodified cosmetic product including the recommended modification to theingredient list. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry forproviding to the individual at least one printed discount coupon. In anaspect, the system includes circuitry for providing at least onediscount coupon electronically to the individual's smart phone or to acomputing device. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry forproviding the discount coupon as a discount code for use in making apurchase through the Internet or other web-based system.

In an aspect, system 3900 further includes circuitry 4590 for arrangingfor delivery of a modified cosmetic product including the recommendedmodification to the ingredient list. For example, the system can includecircuitry for arranging for delivery of a modified cosmetic product byway of the Postal Service, shipping service, e.g., FedEx or UPS, orcourier. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry for automaticallyarranging for delivery of the modified cosmetic product. In an aspect,the system includes circuitry for arranging for the delivery of themodified cosmetic product to a street address. In an aspect, the systemincludes circuitry for arranging for the delivery of the modifiedcosmetic product to a postal address, e.g., a post office box. In anaspect, the system includes circuitry for arranging for the delivery ofthe modified cosmetic product to a residence, a post office, a deliveryservice office, a store, a pharmacy, a medical office, or a cosmeticcounter. In an aspect, the system includes circuitry for notifying theindividual by at least one of an electronic communication, a telephoniccommunication, or a written communication that delivery of the modifiedcosmetic product has been arranged.

The state of the art has progressed to the point where there is littledistinction left between hardware, software, and/or firmwareimplementations of aspects of systems; the use of hardware, software,and/or firmware is generally (but not always, in that in certaincontexts the choice between hardware and software can becomesignificant) a design choice representing cost vs. efficiency tradeoffs.There are various vehicles by which processes and/or systems and/orother technologies described herein can be effected (e.g., hardware,software, and/or firmware), and that the preferred vehicle will varywith the context in which the processes and/or systems and/or othertechnologies are deployed. For example, if an implementer determinesthat speed and accuracy are paramount, the implementer may opt for amainly hardware and/or firmware vehicle; alternatively, if flexibilityis paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly softwareimplementation; or, yet again alternatively, the implementer may opt forsome combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. Hence, thereare several possible vehicles by which the processes and/or devicesand/or other technologies described herein can be effected, none ofwhich is inherently superior to the other in that any vehicle to beutilized is a choice dependent upon the context in which the vehiclewill be deployed and the specific concerns (e.g., speed, flexibility, orpredictability) of the implementer, any of which may vary. Those skilledin the art will recognize that optical aspects of implementations willtypically employ optically-oriented hardware, software, and or firmware.

In some implementations described herein, logic and similarimplementations can include software or other control structures.Electronic circuitry, for example, may have one or more paths ofelectrical current constructed and arranged to implement variousfunctions as described herein. In some implementations, one or moremedia can be configured to bear a device-detectable implementation whensuch media hold or transmit device detectable instructions operable toperform as described herein. In some variants, for example,implementations can include an update or modification of existingsoftware or firmware, or of gate arrays or programmable hardware, suchas by performing a reception of or a transmission of one or moreinstructions in relation to one or more operations described herein.Alternatively or additionally, in some variants, an implementation caninclude special-purpose hardware, software, firmware components, and/orgeneral-purpose components executing or otherwise invokingspecial-purpose components. Specifications or other implementations canbe transmitted by one or more instances of tangible transmission mediaas described herein, optionally by packet transmission or otherwise bypassing through distributed media at various times.

Alternatively or additionally, implementations may include executing aspecial-purpose instruction sequence or otherwise invoking circuitry forenabling, triggering, coordinating, requesting, or otherwise causing oneor more occurrences of any functional operations described above. Insome variants, operational or other logical descriptions herein may beexpressed directly as source code and compiled or otherwise invoked asan executable instruction sequence. In some contexts, for example, C++or other code sequences can be compiled directly or otherwiseimplemented in high-level descriptor languages (e.g., alogic-synthesizable language, a hardware description language, ahardware design simulation, and/or other such similar mode(s) ofexpression). Alternatively or additionally, some or all of the logicalexpression may be manifested as a Verilog-type hardware description orother circuitry model before physical implementation in hardware,especially for basic operations or timing-critical applications. Thoseskilled in the art will recognize how to obtain, configure, and optimizesuitable transmission or computational elements, material supplies,actuators, or other common structures in light of these teachings.

The foregoing detailed description has set forth various embodiments ofthe devices and/or processes via the use of block diagrams, flowcharts,and/or examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/orexamples contain one or more functions and/or operations, it will beunderstood by those within the art that each function and/or operationwithin such block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples can be implemented,individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software,firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. In one embodiment,several portions of the subject matter described herein can beimplemented via Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), FieldProgrammable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), orother integrated formats. However, some aspects of the embodimentsdisclosed herein, in whole or in part, can be equivalently implementedin integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on oneor more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or morecomputer systems), as one or more programs running on one or moreprocessors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or moremicroprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof,and that designing the circuitry and/or writing the code for thesoftware and or firmware would be well within the skill of one of skillin the art in light of this disclosure. In addition, the mechanisms ofthe subject matter described herein are capable of being distributed asa program product in a variety of forms, and that an illustrativeembodiment of the subject matter described herein applies regardless ofthe particular type of signal bearing medium used to actually carry outthe distribution.

In a general sense, those skilled in the art will recognize that thevarious embodiments described herein can be implemented, individuallyand/or collectively, by various types of electro-mechanical systemshaving a wide range of electrical components such as hardware, software,firmware, and/or virtually any combination thereof; and a wide range ofcomponents that may impart mechanical force or motion such as rigidbodies, spring or torsional bodies, hydraulics, electro-magneticallyactuated devices, and/or virtually any combination thereof.Consequently, as used herein “electro-mechanical system” includes, butis not limited to, electrical circuitry operably coupled with atransducer (e.g., an actuator, a motor, a piezoelectric crystal, a MicroElectro Mechanical System (MEMS), etc.), electrical circuitry having atleast one discrete electrical circuit, electrical circuitry having atleast one integrated circuit, electrical circuitry having at least oneapplication specific integrated circuit, electrical circuitry forming ageneral purpose computing device configured by a computer program (e.g.,a general purpose computer configured by a computer program which atleast partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein,or a microprocessor configured by a computer program which at leastpartially carries out processes and/or devices described herein),electrical circuitry forming a memory device (e.g., forms of memory(e.g., random access, flash, read only, etc.)), electrical circuitryforming a communications device (e.g., a modem, communications switch,optical-electrical equipment, etc.), and/or any non-electrical analogthereto, such as optical or other analogs. Those skilled in the art willalso appreciate that examples of electro-mechanical systems include butare not limited to a variety of consumer electronics systems, medicaldevices, as well as other systems such as motorized transport systems,factory automation systems, security systems, and/orcommunication/computing systems. Those skilled in the art will recognizethat electro-mechanical as used herein is not necessarily limited to asystem that has both electrical and mechanical actuation except ascontext may dictate otherwise.

In a general sense, the various aspects described herein can beimplemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range ofhardware, software, firmware, and/or any combination thereof and can beviewed as being composed of various types of “electrical circuitry.”Consequently, as used herein “electrical circuitry” includes, but is notlimited to, electrical circuitry having at least one discrete electricalcircuit, electrical circuitry having at least one integrated circuit,electrical circuitry having at least one application specific integratedcircuit, electrical circuitry forming a general purpose computing deviceconfigured by a computer program (e.g., a general purpose computerconfigured by a computer program which at least partially carries outprocesses and/or devices described herein, or a microprocessorconfigured by a computer program which at least partially carries outprocesses and/or devices described herein), electrical circuitry forminga memory device (e.g., forms of memory (e.g., random access, flash, readonly, etc.)), and/or electrical circuitry forming a communicationsdevice (e.g., a modem, communications switch, optical-electricalequipment, etc.). The subject matter described herein can be implementedin an analog or digital fashion or some combination thereof.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that at least a portion of thesystems and/or processes described herein can be integrated into a dataprocessing system. A data processing system generally includes one ormore of a system unit housing, a video display device, memory such asvolatile or non-volatile memory, processors such as microprocessors ordigital signal processors, computational entities such as operatingsystems, drivers, graphical user interfaces, and applications programs,one or more interaction devices (e.g., a touch pad, a touch screen, anantenna, etc.), and/or control systems including feedback loops andcontrol motors. A data processing system can be implemented utilizingsuitable commercially available components, such as those typicallyfound in data computing/communication and/or networkcomputing/communication systems.

In certain cases, use of a system or method may occur in a territoryeven if components are located outside the territory. For example, in adistributed computing context, use of a distributed computing system mayoccur in a territory even though parts of the system may be locatedoutside of the territory (e.g., relay, server, processor, signal-bearingmedium, transmitting computer, receiving computer, etc. located outsidethe territory). A sale of a system or method may likewise occur in aterritory even if components of the system or method are located and/orused outside the territory.

Further, implementation of at least part of a system for performing amethod in one territory does not preclude use of the system in anotherterritory.

One skilled in the art will recognize that the herein describedcomponents (e.g., operations), devices, objects, and the discussionaccompanying them are used as examples for the sake of conceptualclarity and that various configuration modifications are contemplated.Consequently, as used herein, the specific exemplars set forth and theaccompanying discussion are intended to be representative of their moregeneral classes. In general, use of any specific exemplar is intended tobe representative of its class, and the non-inclusion of specificcomponents (e.g., operations), devices, and objects should not be takenlimiting.

With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singularterms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from theplural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as isappropriate to the context and/or application. The varioussingular/plural permutations are not expressly set forth herein for sakeof clarity.

The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates differentcomponents contained within, or connected with, different othercomponents. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures aremerely exemplary, and that in fact many other architectures can beimplemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense,any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality iseffectively “associated” such that the desired functionality isachieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve aparticular functionality can be seen as “operably coupled to” each othersuch that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective ofarchitectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components soassociated can also be viewed as being “operably connected,” or“operably coupled,” to each other to achieve the desired functionality,and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewedas being “operably couplable,” to each other to achieve the desiredfunctionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but arenot limited to physically mateable and/or physically interactingcomponents, and/or wirelessly interactable, and/or wirelesslyinteracting components, and/or logically interacting, and/or logicallyinteractable components.

In some instances, one or more components can be referred to herein as“configured to,” “configured by,” “configurable to,” “operable/operativeto,” “adapted/adaptable,” “able to,” “conformable/conformed to,” etc.Those skilled in the art will recognize that such terms (e.g.“configured to”) can generally encompass active-state components and/orinactive-state components and/or standby-state components, unlesscontext requires otherwise.

While particular aspects of the present subject matter described hereinhave been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled inthe art that, based upon the teachings herein, changes and modificationscan be made without departing from the subject matter described hereinand its broader aspects and, therefore, the appended claims are toencompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as arewithin the true spirit and scope of the subject matter described herein.

It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, termsused herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of theappended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term“including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” theterm “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term“includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,”etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if aspecific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such anintent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence ofsuch recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid tounderstanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of theintroductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claimrecitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed toimply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinitearticles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing suchintroduced claim recitation to claims containing only one suchrecitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases“one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or“an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “atleast one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use ofdefinite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, evenif a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitlyrecited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitationshould typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number(e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without othermodifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or morerecitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a conventionanalogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in generalsuch a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the artwould understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one ofA, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have Aalone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and Ctogether, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where aconvention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, ingeneral such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill inthe art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at leastone of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that haveA alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and Ctogether, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be furtherunderstood by those within the art that typically a disjunctive wordand/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in thedescription, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplatethe possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, orboth terms unless context dictates otherwise. For example, the phrase “Aor B” will be typically understood to include the possibilities of “A”or “B” or “A and B.”

Various non-limiting embodiments are described herein as PropheticExamples.

PROPHETIC EXAMPLE 1 A System for Modifying a Cosmetic Product

A system is described for modifying a cosmetic product. The systemincludes an ingredient-microbe interaction dataset and a computingdevice including a processor and circuitry. The system is associatedwith a cosmetic supplier that formulates personalized cosmetic productsbased on the microbe profile of a given individual.

The system includes an ingredient-microbe interaction dataset includinginformation associated with interactions between one or more referencecosmetic ingredients and one or more types of reference microbes. Theingredient-microbe interaction dataset is stored in an accessible servermanaged by the cosmetic supplier, and is routinely updated as moreinteraction information becomes available. The reference microbesinclude one or more types of microbes within the genus of Candida,Bacillus, and Pseudomonas. The ingredient-microbe interaction datasetincludes information associated with interactions of reference cosmeticingredients, e.g., various hydrocarbon, silicone, alcohol, ester, andfatty acid components of cosmetic products, with the one or more typesof reference microbes. The interactions include metabolism of thereference cosmetic ingredients leading to potential effects on thecosmetic product, e.g., potential effects on color, texture, pH, and/orodor of the cosmetic product.

The computing device of the system includes circuitry configured toreceive information associated with a microbe profile of an individual.In this example, the microbe profile is received from a microbeprofiling kiosk located in a shopping mall that includes an outlet forthe cosmetic supplier. The individual samples a portion of his or herskin, e.g., a portion of the face, with a microbe sampling unit, e.g., aswab, which is inserted into the microbe profiling kiosk for analysis asdescribed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/255,653, which isincorporated herein by reference. The microbe profiling kiosk generatesa microbe profile that is subsequently transmitted to the computingdevice of the system. The microbe profile of the individual indicates anabove normal level of the genus Pseudomonas on the skin surface of theindividual.

The computing device of the system includes circuitry configured toreceive information associated with an ingredient list of a cosmeticproduct. The individual provides information to the computing devicethrough a user interface, e.g., a keyboard and monitor. The informationincludes a list of cosmetic products that he or she is currently using.The computing device includes or has access to a database of cosmeticproducts and associated ingredient lists. Alternatively, the individualcan enter the ingredient list into the computing device using theassociated user interface. One of the cosmetic products used by theindividual includes isopropyl myristate as a non-greasy emollient forsoftening the skin.

The computing device of the system includes circuitry configured tocompare the received information associated with the microbe profile ofthe individual and the received information associated with theingredient list of the cosmetic product to the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset. The comparison includes comparing the types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual to the types ofreference microbes in the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset andcomparing the types of cosmetic ingredients in the cosmetic product tothe reference cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient-microbe interactiondataset. The computing device of the system identifies an interaction ofisopropyl myristate in one of the cosmetic products used by theindividual and the above normal levels of the genus Pseudomonas in themicrobe profile of the individual. Isopropyl myristate has been shown tobe a substrate for growth of Pseudomonas. See, e.g., Yanagi & Onishi(1971) J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 22:851-865, which is incorporated herein byreference.

The computing device of the system includes circuitry configured torecommend a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic productto alter the identified interaction between isopropyl myristate in thecosmetic product and Pseudomonas in the microbe profile of theindividual. In this example, the computing device of the systemrecommends subtraction of isopropyl myristate from the cosmetic productand addition of another emollient, e.g., diisopropyl adipate, the latterof which is not a substrate for Pseudomonas.

The computing device of the system includes circuitry configured to senda text message to the individual to indicate the results of the analysisand the recommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct. The computing device of the system further includes circuitryconfigured to arrange for delivery of the modified cosmetic product inwhich diisopropyl adipate has been substituted for isopropyl myristate.The computing system also includes circuitry configured to provide theindividual an electronic discount coupon transmitted to the individual'ssmart phone for purchase of a modified cosmetic product at the cosmeticsupplier outlet.

PROPHETIC EXAMPLE 2 A System for Modifying a Cosmetic Product

A system such as described in Prophetic Example 1 is used to modify acosmetic product based on the microbe profile of an individual. Thesystem includes an ingredient-microbe interaction dataset and acomputing device including a processor and circuitry.

The ingredient-microbe interaction dataset includes informationassociated with interactions between one or more reference cosmeticingredients and one or more types of reference microbes, e.g., one ormore types of microbes within the genus of Candida, Bacillus, orPseudomonas. The reference cosmetic ingredients include hydrocarbon,silicone, alcohol, ester, and fatty acid components of cosmetic productsas well as mono-ester, di-ester, and tri-ester surfactant/emulsifiers,e.g., polysorbate-20, polysorbate-80, polyethylene glycol, hydrogenatedcastor oil. The interactions include metabolism of the referencecosmetic ingredients by one or more types of reference microbes, leadingto potential effects on a cosmetic product, e.g., effects on color,texture, pH, and/or odor of the cosmetic product.

The computing device of the system includes circuitry configured toreceive information associated with a microbe profile of an individual.In this example, the microbe profile is received through the Internetfrom an at-home microbe profiling kit. The individual samples a portionof his or her skin, e.g., a portion of the face, with a microbe samplingunit, e.g., a peelable facial mask, which is inserted into an analyzerof the at-home microbe profiling kit for analysis as described in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14/255,653, which is incorporated herein byreference. The analyzer of the at-home microbe profiling kit generates amicrobe profile that is subsequently transmitted via the Internet to thecomputing device of the system. The microbe profile of the individualindicates an above normal level of the genus Pseudomonas on theindividual's face.

The computing device of the system includes circuitry to receive aningredient list of a cosmetic product. The individual downloads his orher microbe profile to a website managed by the cosmetic supplier. Thewebsite queries the individual regarding currently used cosmeticproducts and requests a list of cosmetic ingredients. The websitefurther queries the individual to enter additional user information,e.g., age, gender, and contact and payment information. The computingdevice of the system receives the information associated with theingredient list of the cosmetic product. One of the cosmetic productsused by the individual includes the surfactant/emulsifierpolysorbate-20.

The computing device of the system includes circuitry configured tocompare the received information associated with the microbe profile ofthe individual and the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to theingredient-microbe interaction dataset. The computing device of thesystem includes circuitry configured to identify an interaction ofpolysorbate-20 in one of the cosmetic products used by the individualand the above normal levels of the genus Pseudomonas in the microbeprofile of the individual. Polysorbate-20 has been shown to deterioratein the presence of Pseudomonas due to a lipase associated with themicroorganism, potentially causing a change in texture of the cosmeticproduct. See, e.g., Wachi, et al (1980) J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 31:67-84,which is incorporated herein by reference.

The computing device of the system includes circuitry configured torecommend a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic productto alter the identified potential interaction of polysorbate-20 withPseudomonas on the skin surface of the individual. In this example, thecomputing device of the system recommends subtraction of polysorbate-20from the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and addition of adi-ester or tri-ester surfactant/emulsifier, the latter of which are notas readily decomposed by Pseudomonas. Alternatively, the computingdevice of the system recommends addition of a lipase inhibitor toattenuate the Pseudomonas lipase activity.

The computing device of the system includes circuitry configured to sendan e-mail message to the individual to indicate the results of theanalysis and the recommended modifications to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product. The computing device of the system can also includecircuitry configured to arrange for delivery of a modified cosmeticproduct to an address provided by the individual. The modified cosmeticproduct includes a cosmetic product in which a di-ester and/or tri-estersurfactant/emulsifier has been substituted for polysorbate-20 and/or inwhich a lipase inhibitor has been added.

PROPHETIC EXAMPLE 3 A System for Modifying a Cosmetic Product Based on aMicrobe Profile of an Individual and User Preference

A system is described for modifying a cosmetic product based on themicrobe profile of an individual and a user preference. In this example,the individual has a user preference that includes development of acolor or color change over the time of wearing the cosmetic product. Thesystem includes an ingredient-microbe interaction dataset and acomputing device including a processor and circuitry. The system isassociated with a kiosk of a cosmetic supplier that specializes informulating personalized cosmetic products based on an individual'smicrobe profile and the user preferences of the individual. In thisexample, the preferences of the individual relate to a preferred color.

The ingredient-microbe interaction dataset includes informationassociated with the interactions between one or more reference cosmeticingredients, e.g., pigments or chromogenic substrates, and one or moretypes of reference microbes. The reference cosmetic ingredients includeone or more pigments or chromogenic substrates that respond tointeraction with specific microbial enzymes by releasing a detectablecolor. The one or more types of reference microbes include one or moretypes of microbes resident on the skin surface, and particularly on theskin surface of the face, e.g., Staphylococcus epidermidis andPropionibacterium acnes. The one or more interactions include one ormore potential color effects. See, e.g., Manafi et al (1991)Microbiological Reviews 55:335-348, which is incorporated herein byreference.

The computing device of the system includes circuitry configured toreceive the information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual accessible to the computing device through a portable datastorage device, e.g., a flash drive. The portable data storage deviceincludes a microbe profile of an individual generated using an at-homemicrobe profiling system. The individual downloads the microbe profileto the flash drive from the at-home microbe profiling system andtransports the flash drive to the cosmetic supplier. The individualinserts the flash drive into a USB port associated with the kiosk. Theindividual interacts with the kiosk through a user interface, e.g., atouchscreen display. The individual is queried to enter user informationas well as user preferences, e.g., color preferences. In this example,the individual uses a touchscreen display associated with the kiosk toenter his or her color preferences. In this example, the colorpreference is mauve or purple.

The computing device of the system includes circuitry configured tocompare the information associated with the microbe profile of theindividual with the reference microbe profiles and potential coloreffects. The microbe profile of the individual includes Staphylococcusepidermidis. The computing device identifies several chromogenicsubstrates that interact with Staphylococcus epidermidis to generate amauve-like color. These include 5-bromo-5-chloro-3-indoxyl phosphate and5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl glucoside. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No.6,548,268, which is incorporated herein by reference.

The computing device of the system includes circuitry configured torecommend a modification to a cosmetic product to alter the identifiedinteraction between one or more cosmetic ingredients in a cosmeticproduct and one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of theindividual. In this example, the computing device recommends theaddition of one or more cosmetic ingredients, e.g., one or morechromogenic substrate, based on the microbe profile, e.g., the presenceof Staphylococcus epidermidis, and a desired color effect, e.g., mauve.The computing device includes circuitry configured to recommend amodification to the cosmetic product, e.g., a foundation, to include oneor more chromogenic substrates, e.g., 5-bromo-5-chloro-3-indoxylphosphate and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl glucoside. The computing deviceof the system further includes circuitry configured to arrange fordelivery of the modified cosmetic product to the individual.

PROPHETIC EXAMPLE 4 A System for Modifying a Cosmetic Product Based on aMicrobe Profile

A system is described for modifying a cosmetic product based on amicrobe profile. The system includes an ingredient-microbe interactiondataset and a computing device including a processor and circuitry. Thesystem is associated with a dermatology medical office.

The system includes an ingredient-microbe interaction dataset stored onthe computing device of the system including information associated withinteractions between one or more reference cosmetic ingredients, e.g.,probiotic agents and prebiotic agents, and one or more types ofreference microbes, e.g., one or more skin-resident microbes.

The computing device of the system is operably coupled to a microbeprofiling system in the dermatology medical office. The computing deviceof the system includes circuitry configured to receive a microbe profileof the individual. The microbe profile is generated by a medicaltechnician in the dermatology medical office using the microbe profilingsystem and downloaded onto the computing device for further analysis.The computing device of the system includes circuitry configured toreceive an ingredient list of a cosmetic product. In this example, thecosmetic product, e.g., a moisturizing and anti-aging cream, is notcurrently used by the individual but is being recommended to theindividual by his or her dermatologist. Prior to providing the cosmeticproduct to the individual, the dermatologist wants to ensure that it isappropriate based on the microbe profile of the individual. The microbeprofile of the individual reveals a higher than average amount ofseveral bacterial strains including strains of Staphylococcusepidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Propionibacterium acnes.

The computing device of the system includes circuitry configured tocompare the microbe profile of the individual and the ingredient list ofthe cosmetic product to the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset. Thecomputing device identifies an interaction between one or more probioticstrains listed in the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset and thebacterial strains, e.g., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcusaureus, and Propionibacterium acnes identified in the microbe profile ofthe individual. The computing device recommends a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product to add a probiotic agent, e.g.,a strain of Lactococcus lacti, to attenuate the growth of the identifiedbacterial strains in the microbe profile of the individual throughcompetitive growth of the added probiotic. See, e.g., Kumari et al(2009) Int. J. Probiotics Prebiotics 4:205-210, which is incorporatedherein by reference. The dermatology medical office includes acompounding formulary capable of adding the recommended probiotic agentto the cosmetic product prior to distribution to the individual.

The individual is advised to use the modified cosmetic product for 2 to3 weeks and to repeat the microbe profile using an at-home microbeprofiling device provided by the dermatologist to determine whether ornot the modified cosmetic product has altered the individual's microbeprofile, e.g., increased or decreased the growth of the bacterialstrains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, andPropionibacterium acnes.

PROPHETIC EXAMPLE 5 A System for Modifying a Buffering Capacity of aCosmetic Product Based on a Microbe Profile

A system is described for modifying a buffering capacity of a cosmeticproduct based on a microbe profile. The system includes aningredient-microbe interaction dataset and a computing device includinga processor and circuitry. The system is associated with a cosmeticformulary. The individual has been using a new cosmetic product forseveral weeks, but wants to confirm that the product is appropriate forhis or her microbe profile based on the individual's age and gender.

The computing device of the system associated with the cosmeticformulary includes circuitry configured to receive the microbe profileof the individual from a flash drive provided by the individual. Themicrobe profile of the individual is generated using an at-home microbeprofiling system and downloaded to the flash drive for portability. Thecomputing device includes circuitry configured to compare the microbeprofile received from the flash drive with at least one normalizedreference microbe profile stored in the memory component of thecomputing device to determine how the microbe profile of the individualcompares with the microbe profiles of age- and gender-matchedindividuals. The comparison indicates the presence of Staphylococcusaureus and Streptococcus pyogenes at levels above normal in theindividual's microbe profile. The computing device includes circuitryconfigured to recommend a modification to the ingredient list of thecosmetic product to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus andStreptococcus pyogenes. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenesare inhibited in the presence of low pH. See, e.g., Grise (2011) Nat.Rev. Microbiol. 9:244-253, which is incorporated herein by reference.The computing device includes circuitry configured to recommend adding abuffer, a weak acid buffering system, to the cosmetic product tomaintain a lower pH on the skin surface of the individual to inhibit thegrowth of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.

The computing device of the system includes circuitry configured toarrange for delivery of a modified cosmetic product, the modifiedcosmetic product including a weak acid buffering system. The individualis advised to use the modified cosmetic product for 7 to 10 days and torepeat the microbe profile using the at-home microbe profiling system todetermine whether or not the modified cosmetic product has altered theindividual's microbe profile, e.g., attenuated the presence ofStaphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.

While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, otheraspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art.The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes ofillustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scopeand spirit being indicated by the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for modifying a cosmetic product,comprising: an ingredient-microbe interaction dataset includinginformation associated with chemical interactions between one or morereference cosmetic ingredients and one or more types of referencemicrobes, wherein said chemical interactions alter at least one of acolor, a texture, or an odor of the one or more reference cosmeticingredients; and a computing device including a processor and circuitry,the circuitry configured to receive information associated with amicrobe profile of an individual, the microbe profile including adistribution and identity of one or more types of microbes on a skinsurface of the individual; receive information associated with aningredient list of the cosmetic product, the ingredient list includingone or more cosmetic ingredients; compare the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset to the received information associated with themicrobe profile of the individual and the received informationassociated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic product; identify achemical interaction between at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and at leastone of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of theindividual based on the comparison with the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset, wherein the identified chemical interaction altersat least one of the color, the texture, or the odor of the at least oneof the one or more cosmetic ingredients; recommend a modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product in response to the identifiedchemical interaction between the at least one of the one or morecosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product andthe at least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbeprofile of the individual; and report to a user the recommendedmodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.
 2. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the one or more types of reference microbesin the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset include one or moreskin-associated microbes.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein theingredient-microbe interaction dataset is at least one of incorporatedinto a memory component of the computing device, stored on a portabledata storage device, or stored on a remote computing device.
 4. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the ingredient-microbe interaction datasetincludes information associated with the chemical interactions betweenthe one or more reference cosmetic ingredients and the one or more typesof reference microbes, wherein said chemical interactions alter a pHproperty of the one or more reference cosmetic ingredients.
 5. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the circuitry configured to receive theinformation associated with the microbe profile of the individualincludes circuitry configured to receive the information associated withthe microbe profile of the individual from at least one of a microbeprofiling device, a microbe profiling system, a portable data storagedevice, or the Internet.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuitryconfigured to receive the information associated with the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product includes circuitry configured to receivethe information associated with the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct from at least one of a remote computing device, a portable datastorage device, or the Internet.
 7. The system of claim 1, furthercomprising: a scanning device operably coupled to the computing deviceand including circuitry configured to scan and digitize an ingredientlabel of the cosmetic product, the ingredient label including theingredient list of the cosmetic product, wherein the computing deviceincludes circuitry configured to receive the digitized ingredient labelincluding the ingredient list of the cosmetic product from the scanningdevice.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuitry configured toidentify the chemical interaction between the at least one of the one ormore cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic productand the at least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbeprofile of the individual includes circuitry configured to identify a pHeffect on the at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients inthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product in response to at least oneof the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of theindividual.
 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuitry configuredto recommend a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct in response to the identified chemical interaction between theat least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product and the at least one of the one or moretypes of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual includescircuitry configured to recommend a modification to the ingredient listof the cosmetic product to alleviate the identified chemical interactionor enhance the identified chemical interaction between the at least oneof the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of thecosmetic product and the at least one of the one or more types ofmicrobes in the microbe profile of the individual.
 10. The system ofclaim 1, further including circuitry configured to receive userinformation from the individual.
 11. The system of claim 1, wherein thecircuitry configured to recommend the modification to the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product in response to the identified chemicalinteraction between the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and the atleast one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile ofthe individual includes circuitry configured to recommend themodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product based atleast in part on user information, wherein said user informationincludes at least one of age, gender, ethnicity, geographical location,skin characteristics, medical history, co-morbidities, or userpreferences.
 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuitry configuredto report to the user the recommended modification to the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product includes circuitry configured to report therecommended modification to the ingredient list to a remote computingdevice.
 13. The system of claim 1, further comprising circuitryconfigured to provide to the individual at least one discount coupon forpurchase of the modified cosmetic product including the recommendedmodification to the ingredient list.
 14. The system of claim 1, furthercomprising circuitry configured to arrange for delivery of a modifiedcosmetic product including the recommended modification to theingredient list.
 15. A method of modifying a cosmetic product,comprising: receiving information associated with a microbe profile ofan individual, the microbe profile including a distribution and identityof one or more types of microbes on a skin surface of the individual;receiving information associated with an ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct, the ingredient list of the cosmetic product including one ormore cosmetic ingredients; comparing the received information associatedwith the microbe profile of the individual and the received informationassociated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic product to aningredient-microbe interaction dataset, the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset including information associated with chemicalinteractions between one or more reference cosmetic ingredients and oneor more types of reference microbes wherein said chemical interactionsalter at least one of a color, a texture, or an odor of the one or morereference cosmetic ingredients; identifying a chemical interactionbetween at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in theingredient list of the cosmetic product and at least one of the one ormore types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual based onthe comparison with the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset, whereinthe chemical interaction alters at least one of a color, a texture, oran odor of the at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients;recommending a modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct in response to the identified chemical interaction between theat least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product and the at least one of the one or moretypes of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual; andreporting to a user the recommended modification to the ingredient listof the cosmetic product.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein receivingthe information associated with the microbe profile of the individualincludes receiving the information associated with the microbe profileof the individual from a computing component associated with at leastone of a microbe profiling device or a microbe profiling system.
 17. Themethod of claim 15, wherein receiving the information associated withthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product includes receiving theinformation associate with the ingredient list of the cosmetic productfrom a remote computing device.
 18. The method of claim 15, furthercomprising scanning and digitizing an ingredient label of the cosmeticproduct with a scanning device, the ingredient label including theingredient list of the cosmetic product; and receiving the informationassociated with the ingredient list from the scanning device.
 19. Themethod of claim 15, wherein identifying the chemical interaction betweenthe at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in theingredient list of the cosmetic product and the at least one of the oneor more types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individual basedon the comparison with the ingredient-microbe interaction datasetincludes identifying a potential pH effect on the at least one of theone or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct.
 20. The method of claim 15, wherein recommending themodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product in responseto the identified chemical interaction between the at least one of theone or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct and the at least one of the one or more types of microbes in themicrobe profile includes recommending a modification to the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product to alleviate the identified chemicalinteraction or enhance the identified chemical interaction.
 21. Themethod of claim 15, wherein recommending the modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product in response to the identifiedchemical interaction between the at least one of the one or morecosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product andthe at least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbeprofile includes recommending at least one of an addition of at leastone cosmetic ingredient to the ingredient list of the cosmetic productin response to the identified chemical interaction or a subtraction ofat least one cosmetic ingredient from the ingredient list of thecosmetic product in response to the identified chemical interaction. 22.The method of claim 15, wherein recommending the modification to theingredient list of the cosmetic product in response to the identifiedchemical interaction between the at least one of the one or morecosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product andthe at least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbeprofile includes recommending the modification to the ingredient list ofthe cosmetic product based at least in part on user informationregarding at least one of age, gender, ethnicity, geographical location,skin characteristics, medical history, co-morbidities, or userpreferences.
 23. The method of claim 15, further comprising providing tothe individual at least one discount coupon for purchase of the modifiedcosmetic product including the recommended modification to theingredient list.
 24. The method of claim 15, further comprisingarranging for delivery of a modified cosmetic product including therecommended modification to the ingredient list.
 25. A system formodifying a cosmetic product, comprising: circuitry for receivinginformation associated with a microbe profile of an individual, themicrobe profile including a distribution of one or more types ofmicrobes on a skin surface of the individual; circuitry for receivinginformation associated with an ingredient list of the cosmetic product,the ingredient list of the cosmetic product including one or morecosmetic ingredients; circuitry for comparing the received informationassociated with the microbe profile of the individual and the receivedinformation associated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic productto an ingredient-microbe interaction dataset, the ingredient-microbeinteraction dataset including information associated with chemicalinteractions between one or more reference cosmetic ingredients and oneor more types of reference microbes, wherein said chemical interactionsalter at least one of a color, a texture, or an odor of the one or morereference cosmetic ingredients; circuitry for identifying a chemicalinteraction between at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredientsin the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and at least one of theone or more types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individualbased on the comparison with the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset,wherein the chemical interaction alters at least one of the color, thetexture, or the odor of the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients; circuitry for recommending a modification to the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product in response to the identified chemicalinteraction between the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and the atleast one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile ofthe individual; and circuitry for sending a signal to report to a userthe recommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct.
 26. The system of claim 25, further comprising a computingdevice.
 27. The system of claim 25, wherein the circuitry for receivingthe information associated with the microbe profile of the individualincludes circuitry for receiving the information associated with themicrobe profile of the individual from a computing component associatedwith at least one of a microbe profiling device or a microbe profilingsystem.
 28. The system of claim 25, wherein the circuitry for receivingthe information associated with the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct includes circuitry for receiving the information associated withthe ingredient list of the cosmetic product from a scanning device. 29.The system of claim 25, wherein the circuitry for identifying thechemical interaction between the at least one of the one or morecosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product andthe at least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbeprofile of the individual based on the comparison with theingredient-microbe interaction dataset includes circuitry foridentifying a pH effect on the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product in responseto at least one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbeprofile of the individual.
 30. The system of claim 25, wherein thecircuitry for recommending the modification to the ingredient list ofthe cosmetic product in response to the identified chemical interactionbetween the at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in theingredient list of the cosmetic product and the at least one of the oneor more types of microbes in the microbe profile of the individualincludes circuitry for recommending a modification to the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product to alleviate the identified chemicalinteraction or enhance the identified chemical interaction.
 31. Thesystem of claim 25, wherein the circuitry for recommending themodification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product in responseto the identified chemical interaction between the at least one of theone or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmeticproduct and the at least one of the one or more types of microbes in themicrobe profile of the individual includes circuitry for recommendingthe modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product based atleast in part on user information regarding at least one of age, gender,ethnicity, geographical location, skin characteristics, medical history,co-morbidities, or user preferences.
 32. The system of claim 25, furthercomprising circuitry for providing to the individual at least onediscount coupon for purchase of a modified cosmetic product includingthe recommended modification to the ingredient list.
 33. The system ofclaim 25, further comprising circuitry for arranging for delivery of amodified cosmetic product including the recommended modification to theingredient list.
 34. A system for modifying a cosmetic product,comprising: a computing device; an ingredient-microbe interactiondataset including information associated with chemical interactionsbetween one or more reference cosmetic ingredients and one or more typesof reference microbes, wherein said chemical interactions alter at leastone of a color, a texture, or an odor of the one or more referencecosmetic ingredients; and non-transitory machine-readable mediaincluding one or more instructions for modifying the cosmetic product,the one or more instructions including one or more instructions forreceiving information associated with a microbe profile of anindividual, the microbe profile including a distribution of one or moretypes of microbes on a skin surface of the individual; one or moreinstructions for receiving information associated with an ingredientlist of the cosmetic product, the ingredient list including one or morecosmetic ingredients; one or more instructions for comparing theingredient-microbe interaction dataset to the received informationassociated with the microbe profile of the individual and the receivedinformation associated with the ingredient list of the cosmetic product;one or more instructions for identifying a chemical interaction betweenat least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients in the ingredientlist of the cosmetic product and at least one of the one or more typesof microbes in the microbe profile of the individual based on comparisonwith the ingredient-microbe interaction dataset, wherein the identifiedchemical interaction alters at least one of a color, a texture, or anodor of the at least one of the one or more cosmetic ingredients; one ormore instructions for recommending a modification to the ingredient listof the cosmetic product in response to the identified chemicalinteraction between the at least one of the one or more cosmeticingredients in the ingredient list of the cosmetic product and the atleast one of the one or more types of microbes in the microbe profile ofthe individual; and one or more instructions for reporting to a user therecommended modification to the ingredient list of the cosmetic product.